Catastrophe Temporary Shelters After Fuzzy Evaluation Of Fire Risk

In recent years, the worldwide catastrophe happened frequently, and the occurrence ofdisaster will bring about serious property damage and casualties. Post-disaster shelters forpeople become one of the important problems which needs to be solved first. Althoughlarge areas like stadiums and the emergency shelters planed before are often regarded astemporary housing, however, it is impossible for people to live there without privacy forseveral months. Because permanent housing could not be built in a short time, therefore, asa special type of building, a large scale temporary housing will be built up after disaster.Temporary housing is very important for quick placement of the victims, maintainingsocial stability and the public mood. In China,the research on temporary housing was laterthan other countries. After the Wenchuan earthquake in2008, China began to focus on theresearch of temporary housing,but the scientific achievements in the field of temporaryhousing’s concept and safety was few and between.In order to address the aforementioned research need, this paper conducted two mainresearch contents:1, By domestic and international literature review, gave the temporaryhousing’s intension and extension a clear, concise descriptions from the time and spaceangles respectively;2, Analyzed the safety of temporary housing and find that fire safetywas the core content of temporary housing safety performance, so this paper tried tocomplete the fire risk assessment for temporary housing by the following two steps.Firstly, put forward the significance of temporary housing location and built the safetyestablishment model of temporary housing location on the basis of safe distance, the typeand characteristics of temporary housing, the nature of disaster risk and probability ofoccurrence. On the one hand, the model got rid of the unsafe location by comparingsafety distance and buffer distance; on the other hand, it calculated the safety index oftemporary housing location and evaluated it quantitatively considering the nonlinearcharacter of the changes in people’s psychology measures, which make the results moredirect and distinct. In addition, the results of safety location assessment would provide database for the fire risk evaluation.Secondly, analyzed the fire hazard of the post-disaster temporary housing. Inparticular, temporary housing’s safe location was important to ensure the fire safety; due tothe modern theories of Accidentcausing and considering the safety management and thebuilding conditions, the paper built temporary housing fire risk assessment index systemby differentiated and integrated the influencing factors. Since many factors which used inthe evaluation of temporary housing were fuzzy, the paper adopted the method of fuzzy math to research. Fuzzy math can be more effective to solve the complicacy of the fire riskassessment than other methods. So we can get such a conclusion that Fuzzy SyntheticEvaluation can be applied well in the building fire risk assessment and make the evaluationresults more objective, scientific and accurate. In the phase of model verification, the paperanalyzed the calculation process and verified the objectivity and accuracy of theassessment model.