The Communist Party Of China Reform Investigation And Reflection On The History Of Small-scale Peasant Economy (1949-1978),

Small-scale peasant economy in China has a history of more than three thousandyears, in a long period of time, small-scale pea‰sant economy plays a dominant andfundamental role, it is a basic power to restrain the development of Chinese society.Since the founding of the communist party of China, especially since the founding ofnew China, the small peasant economy was carried out in a wide range and thoroughtransformation, some positive exploration and valuable experience, also has twists andturns of history and the profound lessons. Comprehensive inspection of thecommunist party of China transformation activity of small-scale peasant economy,summarized experiences and lessons, explore the small peasant economytransformation and law of development, has the vital significance.After the founding of new China, the communist party of China in a short timerealized in the form of small-scale peasant economy decomposition combination formany times, led the massive transformation of small-scale peasant economy, thereasons are various. Both the evolution of social development of China and the causeof the inherent laws of development of small-scale peasant economy, and thecommunist party of China has its role and functional change of the cause of thechanges in the understanding of small-scale peasant economy; Both marxist classicalwriters about the transformation of theoretical guidance of the theory of small-scalepeasant economy, also has the history of the war "the cultivator has its field"accumulation and basis; Both gravity within the home environment, and the gravityfactor of international environment, in short, is the result of the crisscross of multiplefactors, comprehensive.Since to the founding of the three big transformations, is the period of recoveryand development of the national economy, small peasant economy is anunprecedented period of development, is also a small peasant economy short restperiod. In historical position and the orientation of the communist party of China’sdual transition period, is adopted to realize "the cultivator has its field" as the goal of land reform, the national land reform of the ideological understanding, practice andpolicy laws etc have, land reform is rolled out, strengthen irrigation and waterconservancy construction, rural class status has changed, is of great historicalsignificance.Along with the recovery of the national economy and the improvement inpeople’s life, make the transition from a backward agricultural country to industrialcountries advanced rapidly on the agenda. The leadership of the communist party ofChina is characterized by mandatory institutional change of the socialisttransformation of agriculture, the dispersion of small-scale peasant economy israpidly within a short time to see combination of collective economy. Socialisttransformation of agriculture has experienced a "farmers’ private, labor and mutualassistance" peer support of agriculture and farmers’ private, unified management "halfsocialistic primary agricultural production cooperatives and" collective and unifiedmanagement "fully socialist advanced agricultural production cooperatives threestages. In this period, farmers still enjoys the right to "quit", which reduce theresistance of the agricultural cooperation movement. As the three major reform stepby step to complete, preliminarily established the socialist system in China,small-scale peasant economy gradually fade, collective economy expands rapidly.The people’s commune is senior agricultural production cooperatives to soaragain and a production relations of bubbles and swelling, if Gao Jishe basicallymaintaining the productivity and production relations coordination, so, the people’scommune is seriously deviated from the productive forces and production relations.Gao Jishe upgraded to the people’s commune, has its specific historical background,show the vision and enthusiasm at the grass-roots level in intersection with the blind,the linkage of the internal cause and external cause, dislocation of the subjective andobjective knowledge, etc. After pilot, criticizing the "aggressive" and launched thegreat leap forward, small and big club and the socialist construction of the general line,the people’s commune is put forward and set up several stages, such as too close, thelow efficiency was established people’s communes. Due to serious deviate from thepeople’s commune is the productive forces and production relations, and thus need to squeeze the bubble production relations and detumescence, by the people’s communesystem adjustment, promoting the productive relations retraction and reconstruction ofrural social foundation. But the people’s commune roughly experienced the "triplebased, clubs","all units based on level3" and "all level3, the production team as thefoundation", this kind of production relationship between layers of retraction andagricultural co-operation period layer upon layer the high contrast of productionrelations. Under the rigid system of "recognized", there are some soft elements,namely the household sideline production and reservation, the small-scale peasanteconomy of collective economy era.People’s commune is to the communist party of China in advanced agriculturalproduction cooperatives from the founding of new China to the small-scale peasanteconomy in the period of reform and opening-up reform activities, both somebeneficial exploration, there are also some limitations, need our comprehensive anddialectical evaluation. Through the investigation, can draw some historicalenlightenment, one of the most important is to insist on productivity and productionrelations coordination, gradual, and push the renovation activities of conditional.From the modern point of view, is to adhere to the modernization as the guidance, topromote the modern transformation of small peasant economy. From the perspectiveof the communist party of China, is to strengthen the construction of the ruling party,promote the functional change of role. Also, pay attention to the general and specialexperience, the combination of domestic and international experience, the small-scalepeasant economy as a kind of unique historical and cultural heritage, promote thediversified development of small-scale peasant economy.