Research On District Defender’s System In Song Dynasty

District defender was an extremely important official in Song Dynasty. District defender was in charge of public order. Its functions improved as the Song Dynasty’s economic, politic and military developments and changes. Early as the Warring States Period, District defender had a strong military colors. Qin and Han Dynasty inherited the post. Three Kingdoms, Jin, South and North Dynasty followed this office settings of Han Dynasty, but at this time the functions of District defender gradually changed. Up to the Sui and Tang Dynasty, the District defender post gradually stereotyped. After repeated changes of the official name, Tang Dynasty eventually named it District defender.The Song Dynasty was a critical period of the District defender’s development. During this period, the functions of the District defender professionalized and were gradually independent. The District defender had its own distinct characteristics. However, very few legal history circles specifically discussed on the District defender. By the influence of the length and genre, few articles discussed it comprehensively.This article will regard District defender of Song Dynasty as the object of study, collecting relevant historical data, using the method of summary and mathematical statistics. This article will study the appointment of an official’s salary, powers, duties and crime problems. It is the scope of the Chinese history of legal system, divided into four parts:1. Instructions. I will Summarize the results of academic research in the past, and found the blind spot in the study, and pointed out that innovative work in this article. Overviewing District defender’s History before the Song Dynasty. For providing a historical background for the study on District defender of the Song Dynasty, I make a new discussion in origin of District defender and a research on status and elective of the Tang Dynasty.2. District defender’s settings, appointment and salary in Song Dynasty. The article mainly discussed District defender in terms of reference changes and relationships with police chief.In Song Dynasty, the elective of District defender required origin, age and physical condition, at the same time made a special limit of some people. The author focused on the underlying causes of the twice deposing District defender in Song Dynasty. District defender’s salary generally consist of office fields, material money and so on. Calculating the District defender’s standard of living by using the number and intuitive mode and pointing job-related crimes of District defender is not a result of an official’s low salary.3. The terms of reference of District defender in Song Dynasty. District defender charged with apprehending thieves, security patrols, the fight against aggression, anti-smuggling, waterworks, judicial inspection, and many other duties. In this chapter, the author studied the contents of the system of judicial inspection in Song Dynasty and criminal investigation and judicial examination status in the world at that time. The security patrol is a beginning of the history of Chinese police, and the author explored the pros and cons of District defender’s complicated function’s.4. Job-related crimes of District defender. The author innovatived District defender’s crime classification in Song Dynasty. According to the classification of modern criminal law, they were divided into the category of crimes of corruption and bribery, abusing of authority, neglecting of duty. Author studied the causes of each crime,and strived to find the essence of things.District defender in Song Dynasty had far-reaching implications in the development of police history. Many systems were already quitely complete and mature. But we should realize the backward nature of District defender as feudal state tools. The development of the police system of socialism with Chinese characteristics can not be separated from the exploration and study of the world’s police system, also can not be ignored a reasonable ingredient in the traditional Chinese system.