The Research Of The Origin Of The Thoughts Of Discussing Politics In School Of Huang Zongxi

Since the May4th Movement, researches of Huang Zongxi’s school thoughts in educational circles always concentrates on two directions:first, have a comparative study with enlightenment thoughts of the west modern times, and have an argue about whether early enlightenment can be established; second, search for the origin of Huang Zongxi’s thoughts in Chinese history in the point of view of history of Chinese thoughts. On the whole, the scholars pay more attention to the first question which include the second question to a certain degree. This situation make the second question hang in doubt partly.The core of the thoughts that was discussing politics n school which was raised by Huang Zongxi was to make the action of discussing politics by scholars as a system, and to make up the shortage of instant politics in this way. The thoughts made high sense of innovating in the whole history of Chinese thoughts. Although Huang Zongxi regarded the two students’movements in the Eastern Han Dynasty and the Northern Song Dynasty as the coming true of the thoughts of discussing politics by school. But if we regarded the students’movements as the only origin of Huang Zongxi’s thoughts, it would be too simple. Actually, in the intellectuals’of the Eastern Han Dynasty minds, some basic principles were hidden after the students’movements. So, whether Huang Zongxi’s thoughts about discussing politics by school could also sail upstream to the pre-Qin period. That is the main point to discuss of this article.From the documents which were handed down from ancient times, since Confucius set up Confucianism, the Confucians were always discussing politics. The action had an big affect on the lowclass then, and even been taken seriously and forbidden by the government. To some degree, the actions of discussing politics by Confucians of the pre-Qin period accord with discussing politics by school which was raised by Huang Zongxi. On the other side, from the construct of Confucianism of the pre-Qin period, no matter Confucian, Menci or Xunzi, they never approve the action of discussing politics in folk by Confucians. On the contrary, they regarded it as negative element in ideal society and opposed it. This specially and contradictory phenomenon lead to the fuzzy cognition about Huang Zongxi’s thoughts directly.Although this contradiction was exist in Confucianism of pre-Qin period, but to Confucian, Menci, Xunzi and other Confucians in pre-Qin period, their knowing of classical culture which was represented by Shi,Shu,li and yue by the way of studying, made a distinction between Confucians and common people. In this Confucians minds, the chaos of politics that time because of the ideal politics couldn’t be realized. The principles which was help to bring about the ideal politics hided in the classical culture which was represented by Shi,Shu,li and yue。Therefore, the research about classical culture and discussing the principles and ideas of ideal politics from them is the most important element to lead reasonable politics.The thoughts which depended on classical culture to lead reasonable politics were agreed with the whole Confucians and run through the Confucianism of pre-Qin period since Confucianism was founded. Though Menci and Xunzi improved and innovated the Confucianism in theory, but the basic principle of leading politics by studying was still consistently insisted. Although Menci and Xunzi started to pay attention to the actions and influence in the folk by Confucians, but in their minds, the Confucians in the folk played like teachers more. Though Confucians in the folk still had responsibility to improve the customs by teaching people, but primarily the realization of responsibility of good custom still must set up on the basic of keeping Confucians’places and be a person who keeps the rule。This idea developed to be the thought which was that a excellent person can not make rules while he is out of politics in the golden men of the Confucian school. It’s reasonable to believe that the thought of leading politics by studying which was originated from Confucianism of pre-Qin period had deep affect on the formation of the school discussing politics thought of Huang Zongxi. But on the other side, although Confucians in pre-Qin period insisted on this thought, they didn’t agree that Confucians could discuss politics outside the orthodox politics. They thought there wouldn’t be the action of discussing politics in the folk in an good order which was formed by good politics. Taken in this sense, the thought of discussing politics by Huang Zongxi not just inherit the basic principle of thought of leading politics by studying of Confucianism in pre-Qin period, at the same time, it also brought forth new ideas. The innovate part in Huang Zongxi’s thoughts was to establish the action of discussing politics as a system in order to solve the contradiction of dual character manner of discussing politics which was existed since Confucianism was founded.