Compression And Superposition: The Unique Path Of China 's Urbanization And "Production Politics" Evolution (1978-2012)

Classic theories on path-choosing of urbanization are far away from what has been happening in China since1978’s opening policy. We cannot get the logical script even we join the theories which are about historical phases up together.What has been happening in China displays an "exception" and "singularity" in which there are great differences between coercion-class oriented division and the division of labor. With the help of panel data for28countries in2005, we have achieved linear regression and found the familiar on division of labor. Using time-series cross-section data of China’s from1978-2010, we’ve displayed the extrusions and overlapping in production domain.It is far more beyond the "common sense" which people can feel, such as"China’s urbanization is shorter in time", etc. In fact, these extrusions and overlapping are configurational or contingency outcomes. It has made the politics and society superimposed. Political institutions have given people the first allocation set on their statuses which reflect the extrusions and overlapping in politics. So, we can see these extrusions and overlapping both in production and in politics. And moreover, we can see the interaction of the two fields.There are some mechanisms precipitates the unique urbanization of China including embracing new forms without breaking out with past, reforming with vigilance and reforming containing paradox. The elites are trying to ligature their benefits to establish the configuration and to continue their advantage under dual core agglomerating:political elites and the mass agglomerate are together for different purposes but both are focusing on growth. All these mechanisms provide a key together for discerning China’s urbanization.As the expanding of urbanization and operating of power-capital paradox, it is hard for people to catch the configuration of power and benefit distribution. They are showing diffusion and coming to be invisible and backhanded.Henri Lefebvre’s space production theories instruct people greatly. When we take land production, industry production and space production together as structural clues, a kind of special process comes out, it shows production oriented extrusions, political forms overlapping and multi-political forms coexistence inside. In these sub-processes, we can see factory politics squeezes land politics; space politics squeezes factory politics and overlap of the three political forms. With these clues, we can find the origins of China’s institutional multiplicity which are "full of contradiction and puzzling". We take the interactions of power, capital and land for explanatory variables to catch the mechanism and processes of extrusions and overlapping for political forms. In each chapter of the dissertation, you can find the interactions of these three explanatory variables. It is the interaction forms of the three constructs different political which form and restrict the specific mechanism of extrusions and overlapping as well. The unique mixable institutions including past-toting and future-chasing have been showing versatility when facing the impact of Geopolitics and financial capital. As a dominant factor, political power runs close and with vigilantance. We recapitulate the traits of China’s power function with "Roles division of power" theory and "Power exclusive production" theory.The expansion of space production in Cities provides new opportunities and challenges for China. The monopolization in space production by political power has intensified the social polarization but gestated a kind of ability for intervention and social Integration at the same time. As a positive example, Singapore has been doing well on social Integration, which is pretty different from England and the United States where there are powerful capitalists who always take advantage of the government. In the last kind of countries, the political elites always submit to capitalist as well as work together with them which bring the structural crisis.All in all, China’s urbanization has been showing a unique approach:production oriented extrusions and overlapping of political forms based on interactions of production and politics. Perhaps the classic theoreticians never thought that this multi-political coexistence may happen in a country like this. In practice, it has been setting up a new example for evolvement of national state. Theoretically, it declares the poverty and limit of the theories in existence, and leads us to a new theory script which is more desirable and more acceptable.The transformation is still ongoing as well as China’s urbanization. There will be many more possibilities for China’s future on political etc. after it carries inconsistencies and multi-characters forward for a long time.