A Research On Social Security System For Land-lost Farmers

As China’s industrialization and urbanization accelerated, urban constructionentered a period of rapid expansion. With the acceleration of construction land, moreand more farmers lost their land due to land expropriation, thus lost their materialbasis which guaranteed their survival and development. The following problem ofland expropriation of farmers has always been an tough and unavoidable issue, whichhas seriously affected the economic development and social stability of our country.Within this background, this article fully analyzes the present situation and problemsoccurred in land expropriation of farmers and explores in-depth the establishment ofsocial security system for land-lost farmers as to put forward policy-relevantrecommendations.This article consists of five parts: the introduction, an overview of the theory, ananalysis of the present situation about land-lost farmers in the process of urbanization,relevant domestic and foreign practices and experiences, proposals to improve thesocial security system for land-lost farmers. The details are as follows:Theintroduction describes the background within which the article takes place; thesignificance of the research in the article; and the methods of the research. As far asthe important issue of land expropriation of farmers is concerned, numerous domesticscholars have made studies in the following aspects: the causes and ways of landexpropriation, the compensation and the resettlement of land-lost farmers, the socialsecurity system for land-lost farmers, the operating mechanism of social security fund. In addition, this article made deep comparisons, researches and analyses about thegood practice on the land requisition procedure, resettlements of land-lost farmers, asto absorb the strength and merits of legal systems of foreign countries such as Britainand the United States which have set excellent examples in these areas. This articleintegrates research methods including empirical analysis, analog analysis, dataanalysis. It pays focus attention to internal relation between economics, sociology andlaw, as well as learns experiences at home and abroad as to build a social securitysystem with Chinese characteristics for land-lost farmers.The overview of the theory summarizes Marx’s theory of social security, westerntheories of social security, the theory of welfare economics and Keynesian economictheory, which serves as theoretical foundation and as guidance for the research. Inaddition, this part combs through the related concepts of land-lost farmers and thepresent situation of the social security system.The third part is the analysis of the present situation about land-lost farmers inthe process of urbanization. This part takes the high-tech development zone in theChangchun city as an example to analyze the present situation of land-lost farmers inour country and their present situation and the existing problems concerning the socialsecurity system. It is estimated that at present the number of landless peasants inChina is more than70million and rising as urbanization accelerates. The studyshowed that if current growths of land requisition and urbanization continues, thenumber would exceed78million by2030. The acceleration of urbanization causeslarge numbers of farmers losing their land which is guarantees their survival andlivelihood. To solve these problems, governments generally adopted the followingmethods:1.Monetary compensation2.In situ placement3.Exchange land for employment4.Cooperative stock placement5.Exchange land for social security compensation. Yet generally speaking, the present situation of social security for land-lost farmersin our country is not optimistic mainly due to some exiting issues:1. Serious employment situation2. Problems to guarantee provision for old age3. A lack of basic living guarantee4. Marginalization of health care systems5. Serious housing issue6. Children’ s access to education.The fourth part is about observating and using relevant domestic and foreignpractices and experiences for reference. The referencing part contains two sections,the former section deals with the domestic practices and experiences on analyses ofthe mechanism and problems concerning social security system for land-lost farmers,which draws examples from Jiangsu mode and Xi’an mode to describes seven majortypes of practices of various regions. The latter section takes Britain and the UnitedStates for example as to study the domestic social security for land-lost farmers and toelicit relevant experiences, which enlightens us in the following perspectives:1. Raise compensation standards for land acquisitions.2. Set the implementation of social security fund as a accessary procedure.3. Consider the social security for land-lost farmers inside and outside planningareas in the city as a whole.4. Establish financing mechanisms which is undertaken by individuals, thecollective and the government finance.5. Establish an individual account based and social pooling&transferringsupplemented social security system for provision for the aged. In addition, socialsecurity system should be established according to the actual and characteristics as tocater to land-lost farmers of different regions, ages, and income levels.The final part puts forward policy-related recommendations as how to improvesocial security system. Ensuing proposals of principle on the establishment of socialsecurity system for land-lost farmers, the article proposes to improve it from five perspectives: reforming land expropriation system, establishing system to guaranteeprovision for the aged, and health care system, establishing system that guaranteesemployment, and setting up system to guarantee minimum living standard. In addition,suggestions are made as to improve relative measures alongside the social securitysystem by reforming household registration system, improving legal system of socialsecurity system, and by improving system for land property rights in rural ares,strengthening supervision and assessment of land acquisition process, building anemployment training system, and by setting up legal aid mechanism for land-lostfarmers.