Geographical Distribution Of Global Fossil Energy And Policy Options Of China’s Energy Security

Energy is the material basis of social development, even the support and motivation of the national economy. It is not only a matter of concern to the country’s industrial development and economic construction, but also vital related to the people’s development and well-being. Nowadays, fossil fuels are still dominant in global energy consumption structure, and the contradiction between the limited stock and the growth in demand is increasingly significant. However, the energy shortage has become a huge bottleneck of the social and economic development. The trend of global energy contention grows in intensity.Energy geography is a subject that takes research on the content such as the distribution, production and consumption characteristics of energy resources, the energy structure and geographical mix. It provides scientific basis for the rational development, comprehensive utilization and trade security of the energy. In recent years, the research about energy geography is almost at standstill, but the world energy geographical pattern is in the evolving. Therefore, the existing research results are no longer in line with the actual development of the world energy geography, and are lacking in strategic value. In this paper, on the basis of accessing to a large number of documents and collecting to deal with huge amounts of data, combined with spatial analysis and quantitative analysis, it describes and analyzes the spatial patterns and changes of fossil energy reserves, production, consumption and trade, and then put forward policy recommendations about energy security, in order to become a breakthrough in promoting the development of energy geography.This paper draws the main conclusions and understanding in energy reserves, production, consumption, trade and policy recommendations as following:(1) The global fossil energy reserves are unevenly distributed. In oil and gas resources, the Persian Gulf region, the Gulf of Mexico-Caribbean region and the Mediterranean coast region of North A frican formed an important high-value concentrated area. In coal resources, Russia-the Asia-Pacific region is the most significant, The United States. South Africa. Germany are other scattered high-value points outside this area.(2) The Middle East is the largest oil producing area. The natural gas production in Europe and North America is ahead of other regions. Asia-Pacific region rank first in coat production of all the regions. The spatial pattern of oil production showed the main feature that Russia, Saudi Arabia and the United States formed "three pillars", being in the evolution to the oil-producing countries diversified. In coal production, China is with higher primacy ratio, and the United States, India, Australia, Russia, Indonesia and South Africa constitute the second level, what show the trend of multi-point decentralized development. The United States and Russia are dominant in the production of natural gas, forming the two-phase confrontation.(3) Asia-Pacific region, Europe and Eurasia region, North America region are the high value area of oil, natural gas and coal these three kinds of energy resource consumption. From national perspective, China, the United States, Russia and Japan are the leading force of the global fossil energy consumption, forming the extreme points on the space. There is a serious dislocation between the total ranking and per capita ranking of the world fossil energy consumption. In developing countries, the gap in China and India is the most significant, what indicates that the demand for energy will be rapidly increasing with economic development. Ensuring energy supply is an important issue that should be solved in the future.(4) In the trade of oil resources, the Middle East and former Soviet Union regions are the main source regions, while Asia-Pacific, Europe and the United States are important convergence regions. The oil resources in the Middle East mostly flow to the Asia-Pacific region, and that in the former Soviet Union are mainly exported to the European region. Natural gas trade is mostly flows among countries inside a certain region, mainly reflected in Europe and Eurasia as well as Asia-Pacific trade. The coal trade is divided into Atlantic and Pacific two trade circle on the whole. Asia-Pacific region owns the largest turnover in the coal trade.(5) In order to ensure security of energy supply, it is necessary to clearly grasp energy supply and trade patterns in the future, on this basis, reference to the revelation of energy policy in each country, and draw up energy development policy from the multi-angle of reserves, production, consumption and trade. What’s more, reinforcing the strategic reserves of energy, developing and utilizing new energy, improving energy efficiency, ensuring diversification of energy imports are the main entry points to ensure national energy security.