| The economic history of Western developed countries show that the realization of modernization is to achieve industrialization and urbanization, while in the process of development, it must be accompanied by the professional transformation of agriculture to non-agricultural industries, along with the flow and allocation of labor resources and configuration. As the relative scarcity of arable land resources country with a large population, transfer of labor in our country’s industrialization process, not only its size in the world is unprecedented, but also affect is broad and far-reaching.The urban-rural dualistic economic structure is an inevitable economic phenomenon in the process of industrialization in developing countries, labor migration from traditional sectors to modern sectors, from rural to urban is the road one must follow or take to achieve "modern economic growth". As the world’s largest developing country, dual economic structure is the bottleneck problem that our country is facing and difficultly breaking through. On the one hand, the level of urbanization lags behind, there’s a wide gap between urban and rural areas; on the other hand, adjustment of industrial structure is much faster than changes of employment structure, embodied that stable transfer and the efficient allocation of labor cannot be realized, and also there are obvious contradiction in employment.The mobility of labor and employment has brought unprecedented vigor to the Chinese economy, but a lot of economic and social problems come into existence:in rural areas, the phenomenon of abandonment and management fragmentation of agricultural land is very severe; and in urban areas, a lot of very acute problems appeared, such as marginalization of migrant workers’life, limitation of economic activity, no guarantee of personal rights, no enjoy of public services and so on. To solve these problems, fundamentally speaking, is to promote the rational allocation of labor resources and to ease the employment problem.Since the reform and opening up, institutional barriers of China’s labor force and population movements relaxed, the power accumulated over the years surged as tide, and after the surging tide swept over barriers still remnants. To get rid of the barriers, to improve the quality of labor, and to promote the rational development and full utilization of labor resources, is conducive to promoting the upgrading of industrial structure, and is conducive to the realization of national economic development and social stability. Therefore, that research to solve contradictions among the labor force is of big significance.Since2004, the "labor shortage" phenomenon has began to highlight in China’s economic performance, employment gap is increasing, and spread from the southeastern coastal areas to central and western regions, which directly affect the operation of enterprises and economic development. Chengdu is the strongest of the central and western city, and is very rich in labor resources, but in recent years, labor shortages began to emerge in Chengdu, and the situation developed from seasonal to perennial. Structural contradictions of employment are quite prominent, and the employment situation is quite grim.Based on the above background, this paper attempts to make an empirical analysis of the employment problem Chengdu, the capital city of Sichuan Province of which is large labor-exporting province, and to identify the problems and contradictions that exist in the labor force. Through studying the factors affecting the employment problem, explore solutions for the specific situation of Chengdu.The full text is divided into six parts, analyses of the contradictions in employment status and influence factors of the labor market in Chengdu from the perspective of labor supply and demand, to build a systematic policy mix. This paper use research methods combined of qualitative analysis and quantitative analysis, theoretical research and empirical analysis. And it starts the study from theoretical construct to the analysis of status quo, then the problem-solving ideas.Part Ⅰ:Introduction. In this part, it introduces the research background, significance, and purposes. And it describes the basic ideas and technology roadmap of the paper to illustrate the method of research.Part Ⅱ:Literature review and theoretical framework. It gives brief introduction and comments on general employment theory and non-farm employment theory related to the topic of this research, to lay a theoretical for this article. These theories include the traditional Western employment theory, the Keynesian full employment theory, modern employment theory and Lewis’s dual economy model, Fei. J&Ranis model, Todaro model labor mobility model. In the meanwhile, it does literature searching, and comments on China’s actual situation.Part Ⅲ:The status and characteristics of the resource supply and demand of the labor market in Chengdu. Under the premise to analyze and explore the state of the environment on the job market in China, detailing the various characteristics the labor market supply and demand of each quarter of Chengdu from2007to2010, to identify the characteristics and contradictions of labor market in Chengdu in the industry, age, gender, education level and other structural.Part Ⅳ:Supply and demand equilibrium analysis Chengdu labor market. It analyzes of the basic mode of individual labor supply through the establishment of the static equilibrium model of labor economics. And it also analyzes labor behavior of decision-making factors and the change results from a microscopic point of view. Then it gives a profound analysis of the reasons for labor shortages in Chengdu recent years, combined with the actual situation.Part Ⅴ:Employment factors and the future employment situation judgments in Chengdu. It further analyzes the factors that affect labor supply or demand of Chengdu, from a macro perspective point of view of affect analysis, including economic factors, population changes, as well as institutional factors. Firstly, it discusses how the national economic growth, the change of industrial structure impact on labor demand and how wage levels impact on labor supply; Secondly, in the background of population aging acceleration and growth of age for employment, it analyzes changes in the working-age population; Finally, it explore restriction of the household registration system, social security system, employment system and education system to migrant workers. Meanwhile, on the basis of the analysis, it judges and predicts the future employment situation of the labor market in Chengdu.Part Ⅵ:The basic ideas and suggestions dealing with contradictions among the labor force in Chengdu. This part put forward appropriate policy recommendations to the former conclusions. They include the following three points:Firstly, promote economic development, readjusting the employment structure, increasing employment capacity, the basic idea is to speed up industrial restructuring, as well as to promote the development of small and medium-sized enterprises and small towns to; secondly, get rid of institutional barriers to the urban and rural employment; the last is to establish a unified market of labor, and promote the balance between supply and demand.This article thinks practical problems on the basis of extensive reference to the existing literature and absorption of existing research results, linking theory with practice. It makes full use of the data provided by Chengdu Employment Administration and the Chengdu Statistics Yearbook of Chengdu, and makes a series of policy recommendations for the current employment situation and the potential for expansion of employment opportunities. Though some of the suggestions are not very mature, they still can give inspiration and guidance for the development of the real economy.Of course, there are a variety of errors or inadequacies inevitably. This is regret I will strive to make up for, and power I will continue to study. I hope this article can play a valuable role to cause scholars’thinking to solve the employment problem. |
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