| Financial crisis caused a drastic shrinkage of the national wealth of countries, which declined consumer confidence and consumption."American Economic Council," a U.S..private economic research organization released data showed U.S. consumer confidence index in October fell to38.0, was the lowest point of assembly, and was far below September’s61.4points in October29,2008. The current global economic recession is not over yet. The state has started to develop longterm development strategy for occupying the "commanding heights" after the economic recovery. Developed countries have put forward revitalizing the manufacturing sector. A number of countries also expressed they would expand exports to ease domestic trade deficit. This makes Chinese products in the areas of traditional strengths would face more competition from developing countries, and in the field of high-end products China would be challenged by developed countries.So, China’s export situation is increasingly grim. In the situation, for the protection of the domestic economy, the US-led Western countries adopt protectionist trade policies and measures, leading to the proliferation of trade protection measures, and the increased frequent trade frictions.Recalling the theory of trade protection, there are two types of trade protection measures:First, tariff barriers, and second, non-tariff barriers. As with the "Uruguay Round" of WTO negotiations end and the establishment of tariff barriers substantially reduced, non-tariff barriers gradually become the main measures of trade protectionism, especially technical barriers to trade. Science and technology have become the main driving force of economic growth. With the development of science and technology, knowledge, technology-intensive products will continue to emerge, the major international competition in science and technology competition. States have formulated the corresponding policy measures to develop the knowledge, technology-intensive industries. In the future international trade, on the one hand knowledge, technology-intensive products will become increasingly fierce competition. On the other hand knowledge, technology-intensive products, high-tech products in international trade will continue to increase the proportion.U.S. Congress passed the economic stimulus package which added the "Buy American" provisions. In the same time U.S. Congress asked the revitalization of public works only allow to use the U.S. production of steel in February2009. It has caused widespread concern around the world, was known as a typical trade protectionism. According to World Bank statistics, since the financial crisis, the G20has a total of17countries released about78trade protectionist measures, of which47have been implemented. First three quarters of2009, a total of19countries and regions since China launched the88trade remedy investigations, involving more than100million. In2009, WTO members issued more than1,400pieces of TBT notification, at which European and American communications play an important role in the publication of the notification requirements. It is often informed by other members. Energy saving, environmental protection, communications security is the main focus points.In2008, according to the survey:36.1%of China’s export enterprises by foreign technical trade measures the impact of different levels in2008(2007was34.6%,31.4%in2006,2005was25.1%), the annual direct losses exports50.542billion U.S. dollars (49.459billion U.S. dollars in2007,2006$35,920,000,000,$28,813,000,000in2005). Impact on the export of China’s top five countries and regions are the European Union, the United States, Japan, Russia and Latin American countries. The top five industries are higher mechanical and electrical equipment, agricultural food products, textile footwear, wood paper, and of non-metallic mineral metals. Impact of foreign technical trade measures by the larger provinces mainly in Guangdong, Zhejiang, Shanghai, Beijing, Fujian Province, which accounted for39.96%of total direct loss,22.14%,9.95%,8.7%and5.99%. The one hand, due to reduced external demand for the plight of China’s exports, on the other hand to become more trade protection but also to China’s export worse.In recent years, technical trade barriers on exports to China caused great constraints. How to cross become a hot topic in foreign trade. China’s first technical trade barrier warning system has also been launched in Shenzhen in July2004. Technical Barriers to Trade has become another international market major challenge in China. Scholars from various countries all have to start the research work on the technical barriers to trade. On the one hand actively exploring measures to deal with technical barriers to trade, on the other hand the economic effects of technical barriers to trade. From the research literature, the most scholars through encouraging domestic enterprises to adopt new generation of products or upgrading technology to deal with foreign technical barriers to trade. To develop high-tech industry is to promote the economic growth pattern and optimize trade structure of the strategic initiatives. Developed countries set very strict standards, while China’s export enterprises to achieve standards for products, which will adjust original production equipment. So TBT will guide enterprise technology innovation.Independent innovation is the core of national competitiveness, that accelerate the transformation of economic development. Technological innovation capability is the basis of national technology innovation. Since reforming and opening, with the rapid economic development, economic and technological system continued to deepen, and enterprise technology innovation and technological progress made significant progress. First, China’s technological innovation capacity significantly increased. Second, the large and medium enterprises to accelerate the pace of technological innovation, private technology enterprises have become the major force of technological innovation. Third, enterprises increased innovation gradually.Enhancing innovation has become an important strategic decision by grasping opportunities to enhance the national competitiveness and achieve the great rejuvenation of Chinese nation. Enterprises are key to enhance independent innovation capability in technological innovation. Comprehensively promoting independent innovation, enhancing the ability of technological innovation, are major issue in the current economic and social development.In the highly competitive international trade environment, do they choice technological innovation to deal with technical barriers? Whether TBT will promote China’s enterprises to technological innovation? Answers to these questions, for further innovation of enterprises, and successfully dealing with technical barriers to trade has a certain theoretical and practical significance.Based on technical barriers to trade theory and the theory of technological innovation, this essay studyed the enterprise response TBT. Using case, game and regression analysis, it do a certain study of technical barriers to trade on the impact of technological innovation in China, and have the following conclusions: The elements of internal and external analysis, internal and external driving forces of General; CR bill through the EU, the EU Directive such as the two case studies summarize the development of technical barriers is dynamic, with improvements in technology, barriers also increased the threshold, if the company does not promptly follow up on, only honey as the franchise business stagnation, TBT inhibited in the short term China’s export volume, but it also makes the long term survival of the fittest companies in China to promote technology and innovation capabilities. The country’s market size or the exporting country’s level of market share of enterprises exporting countries have a major impact of technological innovation. By exports, the situation of patent applications and other data on the empirical analysis of technical barriers to trade impact of technological innovation, while not obvious, but there is a little role in promoting the overall rate is0.17%; and the importing country’s market size of enterprise technology innovation significantly affected, and impact factor of1.09%.Given the above conclusions this essay proposed the following measures: coalition government and industry associations to play an active role; establish and improve domestic technical barriers to trade early warning mechanism, grasp of the situation of foreign TBT; attention to technological innovation, in the whole society to promote and create a culture of innovation, the formation of good social innovation culture, to create a good macro environment for business innovation. For enterprise, attention to personnel training, technical progress, increasing research and development and improving product quality and technical performance, that will remain dominant in the market place. |
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