The Human Capital To Participate In The Distribution Of Surplus Value

With the arrival of the era of knowledge economy in21st Century, human capital has emerged among numerous elements and become a leading role in economic activities. Since the concept of human capital was first put forward in fifties and sixties of the last century, economists have never stopped doing researching on it. The theory of elements, which has made most significant contribution, explains the important role human capital plays in productive activities and economic growth, and thus provides a theoretical basis for human capital involving in the allocation of residual income. However, there still exist great controversies in the research results at home and abroad, and the property ownership of human capital has become the key factor to whether human capital involves in the allocation of residual income.China is a socialist country, and the income distribution system comes from the theory of distribution according to labor proposed by Marx. Therefore, it seems more reasonable to study human capital theory and income distribution mode of China from traditional political economic perspective. Although Marx did not propose the concept of human capital, majority of scholars think that it is quite similar to the concept of labor. Taking labor as an entry point, this paper presents the commodity attributes of human capital, and explains the mechanism of human capital involving in the residual value allocation through two circulation models of expanding simple reproduction. In addition, the author also constructs the computing model of input and output of human capital since our country was founded, and proves the proliferation characteristics of human capital of China from an empirical perspective, that is it involves in the distribution of residual value.The article explains the implication of distribution according to labor in China’s income distribution, and provides a theoretical basis for China to promote educational funding and implement education and technology thriving policy, and also points out that expanding human capital participation in economic life through education and training to improve is the only way to raise the proportion of labor compensation in the initial distribution.