Institutional Design And Improvement Of Rural Land Bank

The current conflict of land use is prominent, and the disadvantage household contract responsibility system has been gradually exposed, which lead to the fragmentary land property rights, inefficient land use and dispersive economic of agricultural land. It’s difficult to get the reasonable allocation of the rural land resources, and to realize an economic of scale and benefit, while the land finance is developing slowly. The way to achieve the value of land assets is simplex, so land circulation and financial system reform is urgently needed.From the experience of developed countries, the rural land bank is a new thing, which can integrate a variety of circulation patterns, achieve the capitalization of agricultural land, and play an important role in solving the problems of farmers, villages and agricultures. The narrow sense of "land bank" refers specifically to a kind of specialized financial institutions and organizations which supply services related to land capital (including land circulation, land mortgage, land securitization, etc.)."Rural Land Bank" services in rural land, in order to solve the problems of farmers, villages and agricultures. The development of rural land bank has just started, and ripe system of rural land bank has not yet established, however various innovative models of "rural land bank" carried out as forthgoers. The rural land bank system has great space for development.This paper uses the basic theories and methods of cooperation theory and new institutional economics, analyses some issues of the "Rural Land Bank" system, such as the nature of the connotation, the functions defined, the supply and demand and so on, reviews the development of "land bank" at home and abroad by looking through a large number of literatures, investigates a sample of basic cooperative organization of "rural land bank"-Huangcheng Agricultural Resource Management Cooperative in Pengzhou city of Sichuan province, finds out its development course, operating mechanism, property rights system, governance mechanism, system performance (including the effect on farmers’ income) and other aspects, finds the problems of the land bank system as well as in practice, provides some suggestions of developing the system, And meanwhile puts forward a conception of the "rural land bank" system of china.The new "land circulation (credit) cooperatives" of each places can be all regarded as innovative and superior basic cooperative organization of "rural land bank", but still many problems has been revealed in our surveys, for example it’s contribution to economic development and it’s effect on increasing farmers’income are not so perfect as it was desired to be, the value of the rural land has not expressed on a reasonable level, the legal status of these organizations are not clear, the internal control system is deficient, and the conditions for the system to develop have significant limitation.To build up the three-level system (national-local-basic organizations) of "Rural Land Bank" with Chinese characteristics, must be depended upon the government to pay more attention and to promote it, the basic organizations themselves to modify their internal mechanism, and the broad masses to participate in it actively. The system reform should persist principles of "security" and "ensuring peasants’benefits", strengthen publicity and educations, accelerate the relevant legislation and property rights reform process, increase government funding, strengthen supervision, speed up related systems’constructions, establish the risk-sharing mechanisms and agricultural land pricing mechanism. The side effects of system reform such as financial risk, social risk, ecological risk and the administration of excessive intervention and otherwise, should also be highly vigilant.