Natural Conditions And Social Effects Of The Diversification Of The Rural Land System

October12,2008,“the decision of the CPC Central Committee on a number of majorissues of rural reform and development” put forward:“Strengthen the management andservices of land contract and management rights transaction, establish and improve thetransfer market of land contract and management rights, allow farmers to transfer landcontract and management rights in form of subcontract, lease, exchange, transfer andjoint-stock cooperative and develop various forms of appropriate scale operation, inaccordance with the principles of law, voluntary, and paid. Land contract and managementrights transfer, could not change the nature of collective ownership, land use shall not bechanged, and shall be without prejudice to the interests of farmers’ land contract”. CPCCentral Committee on land contract and management rights transfer policy liberalized,provides a strong guarantee to explore diversified reform of rural land use system. However,the transfer of land contract and management rights are not all of the land pluralistic systemconnotation.Throughout the world, the majority of the land system is diversified, including theownership and use of the system, the system of land use. What is a diversified land system? Inownership, including state ownership, collective ownership, private ownership, etc. includingthe ownership of national and local government (federal, state), church,individuals,collectively,enterprises, etc.on the use of the system, including the unity system of use andownership, permanent tenancy with ownership separation, lease system, etc. in land use,including the partition to use, intensive use, utilization of scale and sustainable use, etc.In the new historical conditions, to explore and establish diverse feasibility and its prosand cons of the land system of Chinese characteristics, is one of the major issues of currenttheorists. Especially the advance of the permanent basic farmland, tenancy in perpetuity,permanent forest rights and so, proposed research topic for the pluralism of land use rights,and even the feasibility and necessity of the pluralism of ownership of land. In this paper,starting from three angles to consider the diversification of the rural land system and therelationship of the natural conditions and its social effects. Including: from the point of viewof law, concerned about whose land it is, and that is how land rights allocated involves equity issues; concerned about how to use, from an economic point of view, that is how to improveefficiency; concerned about the relationship between people and land from the point of viewof geography, and that local conditions sustainable use of land and land development.However, the reform of the land system, or land ownership, land use, the use of thesystem reform, are around social progress and the liberation of productive forces, the way toliberate the productive forces and the degree is well received by constraints in thesocio-economic conditions, but also by the impact of natural conditions. This paper attemptsto start from the analysis of natural and geographical conditions, to demonstrate howproduction technology and production methods change the land reform, thus to presentprototype of land ownership, land use, land utilization system diversified system with Chinesecharacteristics, and to define the permission and authority of all kinds of rights and system.By the analysis of the natural conditions of the different regions, to demonstrate the feasibilityof the implementation of all kinds of system in different areas.By contrast to the evolution of rural land system of our country and the world, this paperexplored the relationship of the rural land system in the form of naturalconditions.Demonstrated the social effects of the rural land system in the form of changesfrom the equitable distribution of property rights angle, the economic analysis of propertyrights angle, in-depth study of the social stability and governance angle. The main points areas follows:1.Natural conditions has a certain role in the formation of rural land system, the form ofland system has an impact on the development of natural conditions; we should distinguishrural land type, choose a different form of land system, according to the characteristics of thenatural conditions.2.The choice of the diversification of the rural land system has an impact on propertyrights legislation, land rights will promote the development of civil rights.3.Rural land ownership will facilitate the transfer of land resources, and to adjust thebalance between supply and demand by the market, and improve economic efficiency andutilization of rural land.4.As a country of vast territory, rich land type, many nationalities, our country shouldimplement the diversification of the rural land system with Chinese characteristics, according to the geographical features and historical habits.5.Urbanization is farmers from the land into the city life, a distinction should be madebetween the different regions of the status quo, consider the relationship between the citycarrying capacity and the number of landless peasants, diversification of the rural land systemselection should also consider the factors of social stability.Studies suggest that integrated regions, the structure of agriculture, economicdevelopment, national habits and other factors,we should actively explore the gradual reformof China’s rural land system, to establish a variety of land regimes as the main contentownership, the use of the system, the system of land use diversification of rural land system;premise of clear property rights, to establish a variety of usufructuary rights, strengthencirculation, achieve the function of market allocation of land resources; Whatever the form ofland system, clear property rights, market mechanisms and local conditions are important andnecessary prerequisite.