Land System Reform And Rural Policy In Russia And The Comparison With China

Since reform beginning in1978year China has implemented stimulated measures for increasing grain production, agricultural efficiency and households’ income. The policy let solve the food problem of almost20%of world population using only6%of world fresh water and9%of world arable land. And Russian land privatization began in1991year and it still far from complete; moreover Russia became the one of the biggest importing country, holding20%of world fresh water and9%of world arable land. Of course, two countries have the differences in geographic position, environment, level of agricultural development, but the fundamental problems which are needed to solve in the most cases are the same. To increase land use efficiency, promote production efficiency, guarantee households income are some of these issues. China’s households’ contract responsibility system has achieved a good economic result, on the contrary, Russian privatization reform not only fielded in increasing of productivity, but also led to agricultural crises. Agricultural reform in two countries had different strategy and was implemented in different ways, so the general goal of paper is analysis of what Russia can lean from Chinese experience.The text can be divided into six sections. The first part is introduction, where are research background, goal and methods. The second part is literature review. The third part describes the basic situation of the study area, including natural and economic conditions in Russia, the level of agricultural development, rural policy, and provides general evaluation of economic measures in agrarian sector. The fourth section is analysis of Russia’s agricultural land use situation and the results of privatization. The following section devoted to China’s land system. The last section is the summary of the study.