The Research On Problems And Countermeasures Of Our Agricultural Subsidy System

In view of China’s national conditions, agriculture has a special status in the national economy. Many policy measures have taken to solve three rural problems, but they all can not really mobilize the peasants’ enthusiasm for production. China’s accession to the WTO and food markets, opening up to the outside world, have brought a serious blow to China’s agricultural sector. China’s grain output and acreage to reach a trough in2003after China joins the WTO, food production and food security issues have become special problems to the sustainable development of China’s important strategic issues. In this condition, learn the successful experiences from the developed countries,and in accordance with the provisions of the Agreement on Agriculture of WTO,China began to carry out the transformation of the agricultural subsidy policy. Since2004, China has gradually established a new policy of agricultural subsidies system, including comprehensive income subsidies, special production subsidies and the minimum grain purchase policy.Since the implementation of new agricultural subsidies,China’s development of agricultural production has achieved great results:The area of grain and food production both achieved nine consecutive years of growth since2004, to make a significant contribution to our food security; Direct subsidies directly benefit the producer farmers to earn much more than urban residents, farmers’ income growth rate from2010; The agricultural mechanization rapid development, continuously improve the efficiency of production, the basic realization of the full mechanization of the national wheat production in2011; New agricultural subsidy policy has accelerated the transformation of China’s state-owned grain circulation enterprises, and the establishment of the new grain circulation system, both promote the process of marketization of food prices,which has played an important role in agricultural sustainable development.But at the same time, there are also a lot of questions in the agricultural subsidies:the lack of legislative oversight; subsidies are few, the system is imperfect; regional differences, and easy to form a new unfair; subsidy structure is irrational, is not enough; administrative mess, coordination,affect subsidies efficiencies and other. To improve the subsidy system, we should be have a clear subsidy target. For now, the short-term goals of our agricultural subsidies are to increase food production and farmers’ income, and the long-term perspectives are to ensure food security, pay attention to agro-ecological safety and improve the quality of agricultural products at the same time, reducing the gap between town and country areas. Meanwhile, the subsidies should be established scientific principles, such as the principle of the rule of law, principles of efficiency and effectiveness, economic efficiency and social benefits both into account and so on.In response to the problems of the current system of agricultural subsidies, we should start from the goal of subsidies, adhere to the principle of subsidiarity, try to optimize it:As soon as possible to establish a sound legal system of agricultural subsidies, And make adjustments according to various stages; Timely raise the level of subsidy to expand subsidies range;In the process of subsidies implementation, try to make the unity of fairness and efficiency; And we can adjust the subsidies structure according to the WTO rules, to expand the scope of subsidies;Standardize the management system of subsidies, and strengthen supervision, to maximize the effect of the subsidies.