Land Use Model And Empirical Research Based On Household Decision Behavior

At present, the land use/land cover change has become a global environmental change research at the core of the field. Land use change model research as one of the main direction of land use/cover change research, it has received great attention. Studying on land use change model simulation is so much, but more focused on the macro dynamic simulation of land use spatial pattern changes; On the micro level of land use model research is relatively less, Mainly by using the econometric model of regression analysis to investigate peasant household land use change driving mechanism, it can’t explain exactly that farmers how to respond to the change of macro social and economic conditions, and adjust livelihood strategies and land use. Peasant household is the most basic decision-making body of rural economy, the Process of land use is the peasant household production, consumption, and allocation of labor comprehensive decision-making process, and peasant household model can effectively explain it. Therefore, it is necessary to introduce peasant household model, combine the peasant household production decision with land use, by researching the process which is "labor migration-production decision-land use ", build the peasant household land use model, to explain the land use of different types of households. It could Provide the reference way for exploring China’s rural land use comprehensive research.Chongqing is located in the western region. It has the characteristics of "big city, big countryside, big mountain area, big reservoir area, and ethnic minority areas as a whole". And the contradiction of urban and rural dual economic structure is obvious. Since Chongqing was approved to set up "the nation to plan the city and countryside synthesis coordinated reforms pilot area", it has made the exploration and reform in many way, such as rural household register, employment, education, medical treatment, endowment insurance, public housing, homestead and so on. However, people less attention to study that how to change the livelihoods and land use in the remote mountainous area when a large number of rural surplus labor are transferred to non-agricultural industries, rural migrant workers into the city life, during the process of exploration. The northeast and southeast of Chongqing is a typical poor mountainous areas. In recent years, a large number of labor force has been transferred from rural areas, the livelihood has changed, peasant household response to the changing of social and economic policy, and adjust the livelihood strategy, production decision, and land use. It provides a rare sample area for research. Selecting12typical villages in the area, using the rural participatory assessment methods, based on a large number of household survey, this paper divided the households into4types according to the farmer’s characteristics:deletion type household, basic type household, natural assets type household, human assets type peasant household. Based on households’ classification, the paper built the peasant household land use model and quantitatively analyzed the production decision and labor configuration of different types of households. It explained the micro level of land use from the perspective of household. The results show that:(1) Different household has different livelihood strategies.①Agricultural activity arrangement. Four types of peasant household has not abandoned agricultural production. Grain is the most basic livelihood activity.②Livelihood activities type and combination. For the number of livelihood activities, natural assets type> human assets type> basic type> deletion type, natural assets type have the most agricultural activities, human assets type have the most non-agricultural activities; For the livelihood activities combination, natural assets type> human assets type> basic type> deletion type. The difference of deletion type peasant household’s livelihood activities combination is small; the difference of Natural asset type is large.③Distribution of agricultural and animal products. Degree of market allocation, natural assets type> human assets type> basic type> deletion type. Food crops mainly satisfy self consumption, cured tobacco is used for sale; the degree of market allocation of animal products generally is higher than that of agricultural products.(2) Land use of different types of households is different.①Farmland owning and transferring. Farmers contracted land area is larger, but the actual farming area is less than the contract area. From deletion type, basic type, human assets type, natural assets type, the per household farmland area are showing an increasing trend. Quality of cultivated land and farming radius affect that farmers choose the cultivated land. Four types of peasant household choose the cultivated land which is good quality and small farming radius.②Crop arrangement. Land use of natural assets type, human assets type, basic type is relatively intensive; land use of deletion type is relatively extensive.③Farmland input. There are differences in quality and quantity on the labor input, unit of cultivated land area of labor inputs, deletion type> human assets type> basic type> natural assets type; deletion type and basic inputs of labor is given priority to with older, labor structure tends to aging; relative abundance natural asset type is given priority to with young and middle-aged, labor; human asset type is given priority to with the female labor force. Fertilizer is a popular choice of production inputs. From deletion type, basic type, human assets type, natural assets type, the use of chemical fertilizer is showing an increasing trend; from basic type, human assets type, deletion type, natural assets type, the use of manure is showing a decreasing trend. Agriculture to achieve scale in the process of chemical fertilizer instead of farmyard manure trend is obvious. Capital and technology to replace labor input is possible.(3) Arrange high comparative advantage of labor force to go out for non-farming job; the low comparative advantage of labor force to engage in agricultural production. Through construction of peasant household land use optimization model, we can found that peasant household can be configuration labor based on comparative advantage in order to get family income maximization. Deletion type not arrange labor migrant workers; the male labor comparative advantage of basic type is higher, they can go out for non-farming job, but the female labor force take up agriculture production. The labor force of human assets who have the advantages of migrant workers take up non-agricultural production; the labor force who don’t have the advantage of migrant workers engage in agricultural production.(4) The labor productivity of crops and livestock becomes the key to crop arrangement and breeding animals. Agricultural activities, peasant household generally choose labor productivity high crops, such as sweet potato, tobacco; Pig’s labor productivity is low, the lack of labor force, will reduce the amount of aquaculture; But enlarging the scale of farming can improve labor productivity, in relatively sufficient labor, can enlarge the scale.(5) Crops arrangement tends to be simple. In the optimization scheme, Crop types which are arranged by four types of peasant household, has reduced. The main planting crops are High labor efficiency of crops or related to the breeding of crops, such as corn, sweet potatoes, potatoes, and so on; Crop which natural assets grow is single, they plant flue-cured tobacco which is the highest labor productivity, and expand the planting scale. Due to a large number of labors have gone out for non-farming job, the crops tend to be simple.(6) Labor price influence production decision of peasant household who have labor advantage. The labour of natural assets type and human assets type is enough, labor advantage is obvious. Labour force participate in the height of the market distribution.The price of labour power has a greater effect on them.