Evaluation Of Intensive Use Of Rural Residential Land In The Three Gorges Reservoir Region

Land is the basis of human survival and development. It is essential for economic and social development. In China, the arable land resouces are relatively limited and scarce with the huge population. As the urbanization process accelerating, the dramatic increase of urban construction land leads to the massive loss of arable land. At the same time, new housing in rural areas is increasingly occupying the arable land. It is a serious threat to the country’s food security and ecological balance. The human-land conflict is worsening. In such a situation, the state proposed to build a new socialist countryside and balance the urban and rural construction land. According to the new policy, the increase of urban construction land and the reduction of rural construction land is creatively connected. In this paper, the Three Gorges reservoir area is focused. This area, located in the forefrone of the western region, is of poor populous mountainous area and ecologically fragile. Fengdu county is located in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River and the hinterland areas of the Three Gorges reservoir area. It plays a particularly important role in maintaining the ecological balance of the Three Gorges Reservoir Area and the promotion of sustainable social development in the Yangtze River basin. Due to the local topography and socio-economic factors, the use of rural residential land in Fengdu county is extensive. It be of considerable realistic significance to explore how to use the rural residential land intensively. In this way, the end of land conflicts in the Three Gorges reservoir area becomes possible. Besides, such a reasonable solution will lead to a better ecological environment.. Take Fengdu county of Chongqing as an example. First, analyses the number, structure and spatial distribution of rural residential land in the study area by using ArcGis9.3. On this basis, the time-series data covering2001-2010and the second national land survey data in2009are used to study in different research scales. The overall evaluation of intensive land-use is divided into county and town scales. The main conclusions are as follows:First, from the structure of land-use, the per capita rural residential land in Fengdu county is increasing from2001to2010. And in this decade, great attention should be attached to the2.39%average growth. The rural residential land in different towns and villages showed noticeable regional difference in spatial distribution. The national upper limit of the per capita rural residential land is exceeded in eleven towns. In Doudu town, the per capita rural residential land reached257.79Square meters per person. In terms of spatial distribution, rural settlement varies considerablly with the elevation of the town, the slope gradient, and accessibility to roads and water. In2009, about94.3%rural residential land of Fengdu county distributed under25degree of slope;70.7%at elevations below600meters;68.13%within1500meters back from the closest main road; and61.27%within1000meters distance from water.Second, evaluates the intensive level of the rural residential land use of Fengdu county from2001-2010on county scale by using the PSR model. The results indicate that the intensive use level of rural residential land of Fengdu county displayed a general ascending trend during2001-1010. The intensive land-use levels of rural residential land score above0.25during2006-2010. The composite scores over the years distribute on the interval from0.2412to0.2717. The scores are much low. The potentiality of the land utility intensive potential of Fengdu’rural residential land is great. In this section, the stress system has the highest scores in the integrated evaluation index system. We should take of factors such as the income situation of farmers, the building of rural infrastructure and the investment of household’s land.At last, by using the PSR model, this thesis applies the principal component analysis method and the SPSS software to evaluate the intensive land-use level of the rural residential of Fengdu county on town scale. The analysis shows that the average score of the intensive land-use of rural residential land in the Fengdu towns is about0.5454. The level of land-use intensive of rural residential is relatively low. And the regional difference of the intensive level in Fengdu towns is extremely obvious. Only12towns’ scores are above average. According to the evaluation results, divides the rural residential land of Fengdu county into five levels. And the article advances suggestions on how to improve the intensity utilization of the rural residential land so as to provide preference for the intensive land use in the study area.