CNC System Hardware Design And Realization Based On Embedded Processor

With the development of science and technology and social production, higher requirementsare attached to the quality and productivity of mechanical products. Single piece and small quantityproduction parts accounted for about80%of total parts processed in machinery industry. In order torealize automatic production of multi-variety and small batch production parts, a CNC system basedon embedded CPU appeared on the scene. It develops at a remarkable speed and becomes a flexiblenew open CNC system which adapts to frequent modification of products. Therefore, thedevelopment of novel embedded CNC system has become the main contest of this subject.Firstly, this paper introduces the basic concept and composition as well as classification ofCNC system. Then the operating principle of CNC system is analyzed which includes processingflow of CNC system, CNC interpolation principle, cutter compensation principle and feed ratecontrol principle. Combined with the domestic existing relatively mature CNC program andembedded technology, this paper proposes a CNC system based on the MCU and CPLDarchitecture. The hardware diagram of this embedded CNC system is presented in this paper. Thesystem adopts STM32F13ZET6as the main MCU processor which is equipped with the SRAM andFLASH memory circuits, and connected by FSMC bus to the control CPLD.Coordinated control ofthe two-axis servo motor spindle drive, the hand wheel and the spindle encoder, and other auxiliaryequipment, Wherein the X-axis accuracy is1μm,the Z-axis accuracy is1μm, the Cutting speedfrom5mm/min to6000mm/min.The text part gives detailed introduction of hardware design ofCNC system, including motherboard design, interface board design and LCD driver board design ofthis CNC system. Some of the circuit principle and interface are analyzed in detail description.Then gives a mode of communication between STM32and CPLD based on the FSMC bus,customize the system dedicated the CPLD register address protocol, to achieve high-speed datatransmission, greatly improving the real-time nature of the CNC system. Then expounded masterCPLD logic design, given the various modules of the core design ideas and implementation process,make a detailed description of the key technology solution.This paper finally introduces thedebugging platform of the CNC system. After repeated testing and data comparison, the precision ofthis CNC system can fully reach the accuracy requirements of industrial machinery processing andthe speed can meet the current machining efficiency with better stability.After a year and two months’ research and debugging, the CNC system has been continuouslyimproved in its system stability and reliability and system settings as well as the operation interfacehumanization degree. Compared with the previous PC-based CNC system, this system has higher price-performance ratio. IF the computerized flat knitting machine control system has a large-scalepromotion, it will generate considerable social benefits, and to contribute to the mechanicalprocessing industry in China.