Synthesis And Properties Of Quaternary Ammonium Salt Cleavable Surfactants

Surfactants are a kind of important fine chemical which are convenient to people’s production and life and widely used in various fields, such as food industry, pharmaceuticals, daily necessities etc. Surfactants are gradually becoming the focus in the competition of the world chemical industry now. However, with the improvement of quality of life, people increasingly pay attention to the shortcoming of surfactants, such as pollution. For this reason, the cleavable surfactants with greenization are designed and studied.According to the reason, in the paper, a class of Acetal Quaternary Ammonium Salt Gimini Surfactants were designed and synthesized. The synthetic conditions of some compounds were optimized, and properties of some surfactants were determinated.1. Synthesis of Quaternary Ammonium Salt Gimini Surfactants(1).Intermediates with Acetal group(1a-1c)were synthesized using aldehyde, epoxy bromopropane and boron fluoride etherate as raw materials.(2) Three kinds of Acetal Quaternary Ammonium Salt Gimini Surfactants (3a-3c)were respectively synthesized using la-lc and Tetramethyl ethylenediamine as raw materials, six kinds of Quaternary Ammonium Salt Gimini Surfactants containing benzimidazole (5a-5f) were respectively synthesized using la-lc, alkylamine, epoxy chloropropane and benzimidazole as raw materials. The structure of the synthesized compounds were confirmed by IR,1H NMR.2. Optimization of reaction conditions(1). The synthetic condition of N, N-2(2-hydroxyl2-3chloride propyl) amine (2b) was optimized. The better synthetic condition:n (alkylamine): n(epoxy chloropropane)=1:3, reaction temperature is25℃and the reaction time is12h. The reaction condition of (2-hexyl-1,3-Dioxane-4-methylene)be-nzimidazole(4a) was optimized. The best synthesis condition:n (1a) n(benzimidazole):n (KOH)=1:1.1:4, reactans is heated at24h,(2).The synthetic condition of dibromide-N,N’-2(2-hexyl-1,3-Dioxane-4-methylene) tetramethyl ethylenediAmine (3a) was optimized. The better synthetic condition:n(Tetramethyl ethylenediamine):n(1a)=1:2.2, reactans is heated at24h.3. Study on the performances of surfactants(1)By determinating CMC, Krafft point, foaming properties of3a-3c, the results showed that3a-3c have good surface property.(2) The Krafft point of5a and5d are higher than the room temperature so it has poor solubility in water under room temperature. The critical micelle concentration (CMC), foaming and emulsifying properties of5a and5d are researching.