Ecosystem Health Evaluation And Landscape Dynamic Change Of Coastal Wetland Based On GIS And RS

Coastal wetland, which is widely distributed in the coastal land and sea border andbrackish water region, is a mixture of terrestrial ecosystems and marine ecosystems transitionzone. Not only is rich in biological diversity and high productivity, and contains preciousenergy and mineral resources. At the same time it plays an extremely important role inresisting Marine disasters, controlling of coastal erosion, run offing regulation degradation,changing climate, pollution, beautifying the environment, maintaining ecological balance,providing wildlife habitats and so on.Coastal wetland ecosystem health is the key to the system refers to the ecologicalcomponents and organic organization intact, and no major disease and function, for a certaintime and space scale of pressure restore ability (elastic) and stability.With the rapid increase of population of coastal zone and the rapid development ofeconomy, coastal wetland ecosystem degradation has become a global problem, arethreatening the ecosystem health is growing. Urgent need for degradation of wetlandecosystem health assessment, find out the cause, humanities and natural factors in the processof quantitative degradation, for the recovery of coastal wetland ecosystem health and providea scientific basis for sustainable management.Clear coastal wetland ecosystem health evaluation is presented in this paper, on the basisof the theory and method of bay area, for example, based on "driving force-pressure-state-response-" framework, selecting the evaluation index to build14coastal wetland ecosystemhealth evaluation index system; Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) is adopted to establish theframe of index weight, to determine the weight of each index; By using comprehensive indexmethod to build model for comprehensive evaluation of coastal wetland ecosystem health inthe study area. Evaluation results show that the bay coastal wetland ecosystem health status,health level has dropped by17.39%between2000and2009, the health from sub-health intounhealthy. This mainly by bay area nine years human activity disturbance caused by the surgein intensity, pressure makes the region more than the bearing capacity of the coastal wetlandecological system, caused the wetland ecosystem structure defect, system began todegenerate.Finally applying markov transition probability model of landscape dynamic change overthe next20years in the study area. The prediction results show that the intensity of interference in2000-2009, natural wetland landscape will be sharply reduced, especiallybeaches and marshes. Artificial wetland is increasing, especially the library pond andmariculture. The wetland landscape in the booming construction land, dry land sharplyreduced. If long-term development bottom go to, this trend will bring many adverse effects,such as reducing the diversity of species and ecological structure simplification, wetlandecological function degradation, etc.In order to achieve environmental protection and sustainable utilization of coastalwetlands in Liaodong Bay, we’ll have to strengthen the protection and management of coastalwetlands and promote the recovery and development of it effectively.