Study On The Dynamic Changes Of Ecological Security In Chongqing Based On The Emergy-Ecological Footprint Model

Ecological security is directly related to the quality of the human environment, but also restricts the economic development of the countries and regions. Countries around the world have already upgraded the ecological security to the same importance place of the national security and the economic security, so the study of ecological security at home and abroad has also been rapid development, and provide a theoretical basis for improving the ecological safety. Taking Chongqing as an example in this paper, based on the current status of the ecological environment, by the emergy-ecological footprint method, we calculated and analyzed the per capita ecological footprint and the per capita ecological capacity and the per capita ecological surplus/deficit of Chongqing between2000and2011. At the same time based on the results of ecological footprint, we calculated ecological security index of Chongqing for12years, divided Chongqing ecological security level in accordance with the evaluation criteria of ecological safety indicators, and analyzed its ecological security dynamic change trend. Finally we pointed out the main ecological problems of Chongqing at present, and combined with the local conditions make a few points to reduce the ecological deficit and improve the ecological security.The main conclusions of this paper are as follows:(1)The per capita ecological footprint From2000to2011of Chongqing was rising, increased from2000"s1.4454hm2/cap to2011’S2.624hm2/cap,increase in the rate of1.1786hm2/cap increased81.54%. The per capita ecological capacity of Chongqing was declined year by year, it had declined0.057hm2/cap between the past12years, and declined7.17%. The per capita ecological deficit of Chongqing was rising, increased from2000’s的-0.65hm2/cap to2011’s-1.89hm2/cap, increase in the rate of1.24hm2/cap increased-190.07%.(2) Ecological security index:The ecological pressure index showed an upward trend, increased from2000’s1.4173to2011’s2.2233, ecological safety characterization of state was translated from less secure to extremely unsafe; Ecological occupancy index was increased from2000’s0.5782to2011’s1.0496, ecological safety characterization of state from poorer to richer; Ecological economic coordination index showed a downward trend year by year, fell from2.4514in2000to2.1182in2011, ecological safety characterization of state is slightly better coordination.(3) According to the emergy-ecological footprint calculations and ecological security evaluation results, analyses of major ecological problems come to exist in Chongqing, such as Cultivated land area decreased, grain crop is reduced, vegetation destruction, landslide、 collapse、 debris flow occurred, the secondary river is seriously contaminated, irrational energy consumption structure, Low efficiency of energy use, and so on. Finally propose appropriate measures to increase ecological security according to the present state of Chongqing.