| Four years of Summer Black grape was used as experimental material, using organic fertilizer (chicken manure fermentation, drying chicken manure) and the combination of chemical fertilizer(compound fertilizer, urea, potassium sulfate) before the summer black grape shoots and stigmas period, this experiment studied the dynamic of berry growth, the dynamic of leaf nutrient element content, soil fertility index and fruit quality, the conclusions were as follows:(1) Each processing summer black grape horizontal diameter x vertical diameter in the whole growth period appeared twice the growth peak; Compared with the treatment of fermentated chicken manure by each plant, the first growth peak time of the berries horizontal diameter x vertical diameter was better than the treatment of drying chicken manure in advance, the second peak time was roughly consistent, growth dynamic was double "S" type curve. During berry maturation, the growth of the berries horizontal diameter x vertical diameter was the most significant when the treatment was drying chicken manure1.25kg by each plant during the bud and fruit expanding period,it reached4.57cm2.(2) In all fertilization treatments, N element contents was the highest content in the flowering stage. Then the processing to the fruit mature period showed a trend of gradual decline. The downward trend was most obvious during3d to10d after flowering with dried chicken manure treatment,38d to45d after flowering increased slightly and then continued to decline; The trend had been downward obviously during1Od to17d after flowering with fermented chicken manure.Trends of P element content of blade were the same substantially in each treatment, all higher than conventional treatments, declined slightly from flowering to flowering17d later, then begun to rise slowly, reached growth peak during31d to52d after flowering.After that, trend slowed down and P element content tended to be stable during66d after flowering.K element content in summer black grape leaves was between N and P elements.Throughout the growth cycle, K element content showed a downward trend in all treatments during flowering to flowering17d later with treatment of fermented chicken manure, then rised after flowering38d later and reached peak, and then showed a downward trend after flowering52d later, and there was a slight increase until fruit ripening; strains applied fermentation the chicken manure blade K element content show upward trend from flowering to38d later with the treatment of drying chicken manure compared to fermented chicken manure, then declined slightly to52d after flowering then stabilized gradually.Accumulation of Ca element in the summer black grape leaves was much higher than the K and P elements, and it was between7.32mg/g and24.83mg/g thoughout the entire dynamic growth cycle. Ca content in leaves showed a gradual upward trend with treatment of either fermented chicken manure or conventional fertilization, and entered the peak of the growth after flowering24d to52d, but Ca content in the former treatment was much higher than the later; Ca content appeared twice growth peak in the strains applied dryer chicken leaves. The first peak appeared at after flowering17d, followed by a downward trend. It entered into the second growth peak during31d to52d after flowering, and then tended to be stable when matured.Accumulation of Mg in the summer black grape leaves was much lower than the cumulative amount of other macronutrients and its change, first down then up trend, was more stable. Mg content of each period roughly showed:the strain applied fermented chicken manure> dried chicken manure processing>conventional fertilization treatment.(3) When the treatment was drying chicken manure1.00kg during the bud and fruit expanding period by each plant, organic matter content of soil fertility index was increased the most, it reached19.33g/kg and the increase was about29%of soil organic matter content of the original; when the treatment was fermented chicken manure1.25kg+compound fertilizer0.2kg+urea0.1kg+borax0.01kg during the bud and fermented chicken manure1.25kg+compound fertilizer0.25kg during fruit expanding period, soil total nitrogen content and available phosphorus content were highest, were1.232g/kg,28.72mg/kg respectively; when the treatment was fermented chicken manure1.25kg+compound fertilizer0.2kg+urea0.1kg+borax 0.01kg during the bud and fermented chicken manure1.00kg+urea0.1kg+potassium sulphate0.2kg during fruit expanding period, soil total phosphorus content was highest,0.731g/kg; when the treatment was fermented chicken manure1.25kg+compound fertilizer0.2kg+urea0.1kg+borax0.01kg during the bud and fermented chicken manure1.25kg+urea0.05kg+potassium sulphate0.2kg during fruit expanding period, soil total potassium content was up to15.32g/kg which was the highest; Soil available potassium content was179mg/kg which was the highest, when the treatment was drying chicken manure1.25kg+compound fertilizer0.2kg+urea0.1kg+borax0.01kg during the bud and drying chicken manure1.25kg+urea0.05kg+potassium sulphate0.2kg during fruit expanding period.(4) The treatment effect on summer black grapes appearance quality, when the treatment was fertilizer amount each plant was drying chicken manure1.00kg+compound fertilizer0.2kg+urea0.1kg+borax0.01kg during the bud and drying chicken manure1.00kg+compound fertilizer0.25kg during fruit expanding period, spikelets for the fruit obviously was increased to583g, compactness and uniformity is better too and fruit appearance quality is superior; The treatment effect on summer black grapes inner quality, when the treatment was drying chicken manure1.00kg+compound fertilizer0.2kg+urea0.1kg+borax0.01kg during the bud and drying chicken manure1.00kg+compound fertilizer0.05kg+potassium sulphate0.20kg during fruit expanding period, fruit flavour of Summer Black grape was improved significantly, the total suCar content was17.88%and suCar acid ratio was33.37which were the highest in all processing, and be compared with the conventional fertilization treatment they were increased by5.7%and9.1%respectively, total soluble solids and Vc content was increased by6.3%,0.001, they were20.18%and0.038.(5) Compared with fertilization costs, drying chicken manure>fermented chicken manure> conventional fertilization. Considering the fertilizer cost, revenue, fruit quality wages and so so, the treatment which was drying chicken manure1.00kg+compound fertilizer0.2kg+urea0.1kg+borax0.01kg during the bud and drying chicken manure1.00kg+compound fertilizer0.05kg+potassium sulphate0.20kg during fruit expanding period had the best economic effect on Summer Black grape, net income34659yuan/667m2. |
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