| Pinelliae Rhizoma,the tuber of Pinellia ternata (Thunb.) breit., which flavor is pungent and warm in nature, has slightly poisonous with the efficiency of eliminating dampness and eliminating phlegm, descending the adverse Qi and preventing vomiting, dissolving lumps and resolving masses. Pinellia ternata is a kind of plant that is highly adaptable to the environment, distributing in most provinces of our country.The research group investigated the growing environment variation and primary processing methods in different areas such as Sichuan, Guizhou, Gansu and so on. Through the investigation, variations exist in populations grewing up in different or same environment, mainly reflected in the leaf shape and bulbils of Pinellia ternata.In addition, the primary processing method in producing of Pinellia ternate mostly is peeled-sulfur smoked-dried. Smoked Pinellia ternate looks good and is easy to dry and store, also can resist insects. If it is smoked improperly, it not only influences the chemical composition of Pinellia ternata but also leads to ulfur dioxide residues. Based on the situation above, the research group studied the primary processing methods in producing areas of Pinellia ternata and the genetic diversity and quality of different leaf shapes of Pinellia ternata. Research contents and results are as follows:1. Study on primary processing methods in producing areas of Pinellia ternata(1) Six methods like drying by baking, drying in the sun, vacuum freeze drying, drying under reduced pressure, far-infrared drying and sulfur smoking were used to study Pinellia ternate, evaluating by the appearance, dry discount rate, content of total acid and total alkaloid, extract, total ash and acid insoluble ash, comparing with two batches of purchased Pinellia (smoked sulfur). The results show that drying by baking, drying in the sun, vacuum freeze drying, drying under reduced pressure and far-infrared drying, the appearances are quite different, drying in the sun is the best; there are no significant differences in extract and content of total acid; except vacuum freeze-drying, there is no differences in content of total alkaloids of the remaining four methods; and there is a significant difference between sulfur smoked before and after in extract, total alkaloids, total acid content of Pinellia ternata. Evaluating Pinellia in different processing methods by weighted scoring method, the result showed that the Pinellia Rhizoma by drying in the sun gets the highest score, followed by drying under reduced pressure, and sulfur smoked processing gets the lower scores.(2) On the basis of research above, sulfur smoked time and drying methods after sulfur smoked of Pinellia ternata were studied. Through the determination, sulfur dioxide residues increased with the extension time of sulfur smoked, and if smoked time is more than b h, sulfur dioxide residues exceed limitation of150mg/kg; moreover, the chemical composition were influenced by the sulfur smoked, and there is no obvious variation rule between content of total alkaloid, and the content of total acid increases with the increasing sulfur smoked time; different drying methods also influence the residues of sulfur dioxide in Pinellia, and by drying in the sun after sulfur smoked has the lowest sulfur dioxide residues.(3) Through system research, shared mode that sulfur smoked、sulfur-free of the HPLC fingerprint of Pinellia ternata were established and compared. By analyzing the similarity of fingerprints, it showed that the fingerprint of sulfur smoking time in less than b h was similar to the fingerprint of sulfur-free Pinellia, and when sulfur smoking time was more than b hours, the chemical composition changed a lot.Combining the characteristic, chemical composition and residues of sulfur dioxide of Pinellia ternata that sulfur smoked before and after, it showed that the chemical composition has changed without significant difference and the residues of sulfur dioxide are not beyond the limitation of150mg/kg by if the smoking time is less than b h. So the best processing method of Pinellia ternate is drying in the sun directly; If the sun is not sufficient in some areas after been excavated, it can be properly dried by sulfur smokd, but the time shall not exceed b h.2. Study on biological characteristics, the law of growth, cytology and herbs quality of different variation of Pinellia ternate. Main contents are:(1) By determining and analyzing the length and width of main leaf, bulbil position (the length from bulbil to tuber), the overground part (the length of stem overground), plant height, diameter of bulbil, diameter of tuber and so on, the phenotypic characteristics of Pinellia ternate has common variation, of which leaf shapes are the most obvious that can be divided into four types like peony leaf, peach leaf, bamboo leaf and willow leaf, and accounts of peony leaf has larger proportion, followed by bulbil position, number and shape tuber.(2) By observing the growth rhythm of the4leaf types of Pinellia ternata, the growth law of peony leaf and peach leaf of Pinellia have no big difference except the bulbil position of peach leaf, and the seedling of bamboo leaf and willow leaf of Pinellia ternata grow later than peony leaf and peach leaf and the bulbils of bamboo leaf and willow leaf of Pinellia ternate grow time are consistent with peony leaf of Pinellia ternata was found. Throughout the growth process, the four leaf types of Pinellia ternate have2～3times inverted seedlings, and the time of bamboo leaf and willow leaf of Pinellia inverted seedlings are later than peony leaf and peach leaf; in addition, the occurrence rate of spathe and seed setting rate of the four leaf types of Pinellia ternata is low.(3) By analyzing the genetic diversity of Pinellia in aspects as chromosome number, SDS-PAGE protein electrophoresis and ISSR molecular marker, some differences in chromosome number, protein level and molecular level of the4leaf types of Pinellia ternate was found. The genetic distance of peony leaf is similar to peach leaf in protein level and molecular level and they has good consistency.(4) In order to study the differences in quality of the4leaf types of Pinellia medicinal material, the research group determined the appearance, thin-layer chromatography, total alkaloids, total acid and did a comparative analysis of their HPLC fingerprint. The result show that there are some differences in content of alkaloid and acid among different leaf types of Pinellia ternate. The content of total alkaloids and total acid of bamboo leaf of Pinellia ternate are higher, followed by peony leaf, peach leaf and willow leaf are lower. By analyzing the similarity of the chemical fingerprint, the highest similarity is peony leaf of Pinellia ternate with peach leaf, followed by peach leaf with willow leaf, while the similarity of peach leaf with bamboo leaf, willow leaf type with peony leaf are low. |
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