Searle’s Philosophy In The View Of Background

John Searle is one of American famous philosophers, especially in the Philosophy of Mind. With logical thought and strong common sense, Searle proclaimed the most famous "Chinese Room Argument" against the strong artificial intelligence, which leaded to a debate about that problem decades. Starting from the Philosophy of Language, Searle explained the contradiction between materialism and dualism in the linguistic level, and sounded a revolution of paradigm in the body-mind problem. Because Searle paid special attention to the meaning of language, he enlarged his eyesight towards the Philosophy of Mind. In the Philosophy of Mind, Searle thought the most important problem is consciousness, and intentionality is the most important feature of consciousness. The Background Theory is one of most central theories in Searle’s paper of intentionality. In the Theory of Speech Acts, Searle made a detailed inquiry to "how the intention happened" after exploring the meaning. And then, he proclaimed the Background Hypothesis which is full of characteristics.This paper attempts to reveal the background which plays an important role in the naturalized intentionality in the Philosophy of Mind, turns into a "context" to determine the literal meaning in the Philosophy of Language, explained the relationship between the background structure and the social rules by the theory of background causality in the Social Philosophy, and most effectively prevent the phenomenon of weakness of will in Moral Philosophy. Therefore, the background theory is a clue throughout Searle’s entire philosophical development. The article intends to carry out researches by the following parts:In the first part, it systematically describes the main contexts of background theory;In the second part, it describes how to sprout in the background in the Philosophy of Language and its performance context is how the literal meaning determined;In the third part, it deeply proves the existence of background as well as the necessary conditions of intentionality and its characteristics;In the fourth part, it mainly researches the main function of the background and the effects of the theory of background causality which used in social reality construction;In the fifth part, it focuses on exploring the mechanism of the weakness of will and how the background can solve the weakness of will. About Searle’s thought, domestic and foreign scholars mainly focused on the Speech Acts Theory, the Chinese Room argument, the Collective Intention Theory, few scholars regarded the Background Theory as a research topic, so this is the first innovation point; Secondly, from the point of views of language, mind, social and moral four philosophy themes, the research of background theory is unprecedented, so the method of study in multi-dimension and multi-angle is the second innovation point of this paper; Furthermore, Searle as a productive and active philosopher, the domestic scholars only fixed the eyesight on his Philosophy of Language, Philosophy of Mind and Philosophy of Social Reality three areas, however, almost nobody cared about his master work Rationality in Action in the Moral Philosophy, which is the third innovation point.