The Research Of Qijia Cultural Copper Knives

This thesis studies20Copper Knives, which were excavated and collected in Qijia Cultural Relic in Gansu and Qinghai Province, and obtains some success, with the help of the collections of20Qijia Cultral Copper Knives which were indentified by authorities and the research results by the scholars of the past.Ⅰ. The research results prove that, first of all. break knief with plain handle, which has been unearthed in the t in Wuwei, Gansu Province, is the the first discovery of triangle connected handle copper knife; secondly, the copper bar ornament is a handle of break knife with triangle; thirdly, the bill hook with handle on the back is a compound handle knife with hole in back panel which is incomplete, and this knife is from the bill hook of bone stone handle and influenced by the stone knife with one hole.Ⅱ. It is the first time to classify and name the13kinds of Qijia Cultral Copper Knives into Class A (compound handle knives), accounting for77.5%, and Class B (connected handle knives), accounting for22.5%. In the analyses of Qijia Cultral Cooper Knives, the compound fold back knife with wooden handle, used for harvesting the crops, has been found for the first time; the compound knife with double blades has been the first time to be reported; and some major Qijia Cultral Copper Knives have been restored. It is concluded that, in the straight back knife with compound handle, the major function of the compact copper knife is production and living, the wide, thick and sharp ones have the arm features and the key function of connected handle knife with approximately20cm length and relatively small cutter body is the tools of production and life.Ⅲ. The crafts of Qijia Cultural Copper Knives are forging method, calcining method and casting process, in which casting is92.5%and forging is7.5%. In addition, copper-made bronze accounts for60%and red bronze accounts for40%. Also, the nonstandard formulations which are described in the past studies about Qijia Cultural Copper Knives are corrected. Thus, the correct terms are:hammering should be cold forging method, forging should be calcining method and casting process should include single and double casting and double casting because the term of single casting is uncorrect for this method cannot cast the Qijia Cultural Copper Knives. Meanwhile, with the help of related textual references, both the elaboration of casting process and existing problems of Qijia Cultural Copper Knives and the analyses of the cooper of Qijia Cultural Copper Knives and crafts are illustrated in this thesis.IV. The review of the studies about Qijia Cultural Copper Knives. The innovation of this thesis is that the four copper knives among the collections which are drawn in random are carried out the comparative trial, nondestructive testing(NDT) and micro-destructive testing, through Germany BRUKER X-ray fluorescence spectrum analyzer. The conclusion shows that, firstly, under the NDT condition, the resluts of sample testing which are used by X-ray fluorescence spectrum analyzer only could be valued as reference, even sometimes could come to wrong conclusions; secondly, with the help of related materials, the cause of arsenious copper whether the influence of foreign culture or the impact of copper mine including arsenic is put forward; finally, the scientific protection of Qijia Cultural Copper Knives are discussed.