The Study On The Relations Between The Soviet Union And China’s Xinjiang From1950to1965

The Sino-Soviet relations and Soviet policy toward China in the20thcenturyhave attracted the attention of academic circles at home and broad in these years.Especially in recent10years, with the decryption of China and Russia’s archives, thestudy on Sino-Soviet relations have made unprecedented achievements at the sametime. Xinjiang has a long border with the former Soviet Union and Soviet policytoward Xinjiang is closely related to Xinjiang’s social stability and economicdevelopment, especially in the period of Xinjiang’s Peaceful Liberation (XPL). Thestudy, which is under the background of the Sino-Soviet relations, taking the periodof the Soviet Union’s policy on Xinjiang’s development after the Peaceful Liberationof Xinjiang as the research object, attempts to summarize the experiences and lessonsof neighborhood relations, and provides a reference for the implementation of theborder opening-up strategy in Xinjiang.The study has five parts: the first part is the significance of this topic, thecurrent research situation at home and broad, research methodology and thelimitation of this research.The second part: mainly reviews the evolution of the two sides from alliance tofight during the period from February14,1950, signed "The Sino-Soviet Treaty offriendship, alliance and mutual assistance" to "Treasured Island incident" occurred in1968. During this period, several affairs occurred. The Soviet Union achievedmassive aids to China, which played a promoting role in China’s economicconstruction and restoration; In order to curb the power of CPC, the Soviet Unionbreached the contract, withdrew the experts, and ended the aid of nuclear weapons;The ideological differences between the two caused a great debate, and the borderconflicts lead to mutual distrust; With the rupture between the national level, theSoviet Union turned to China’s most dangerous enemy.The third part: mainly discusses the Sino-Soviet honeymoon period under thenew economic and cultural development, during which various nationalities inXinjiang were focused on creating a friendly social atmosphere for each other. As forsolving the problems of Xinjiang Su Qiao and Su Ji cadres, which were affected bythe Sino-Soviet honeymoon relation and other reasons, made this problem not solvedcompletely.The fourth part: with the relations deteriorated between Xinjiang and the Soviet Union, the development of the two were restrained. The Soviet Union began topropagandize their material superiorities by letters, radio, newspapers, parcels and soon. Through Su Qiao Association and the Consulate, the Soviet Union cultivated alarge number of special forces, established the intelligence relationship, plotted andincited the events of Yili and Tacheng, and5·29counter-revolutionary rebellion in1962. During this period, China and the Soviet Union met and negotiated for theborder flight event. The government of China expected that with the help of theSoviet Union, more than60000border people would return, but the Soviet unionstrongly opposed.The fifth part: After the events happened in Yili and Tacheng, Xinjiang began tothoroughly remove Su Qiao, Su Ji cadres, Su Qiao Association, struck these who hadrelations with a foreign country, launched a campaign of combating and preventingrevisionism, publicized the "three ones" education and the unity of the nationalitiesto cadres and the masses, and garrisoned troops in the Sino-Soviet border as well ascarried out the program of migration.