And Research Issues Related To Zhou Shandong Countries Belong

This paper using literature and archaeological materials, drawing onthe research results at home and abroad, applying the ethnic identitytheory, roughly combs names and ethnic sources of Shandong countries inZhou Dynasty and explores distribution of Shandong countries of ZhouDynasty. On the basis of that,"Dong Yi" in Zhou Dynasty and culturalcharacteristics of Shandong countries are briefly analyzed.In the first chapter, the culture and ancient country, ethnicdistribution in Shandong area at the turn of the Shang Dynasty and theZhou Dynasty are introduced. At the end of the Shang Dynasty, many nationsand ethnic groups has existed in Shandong area,including some fiels inthe Shang Dynasty, some ethic groups from Anyang Yin Xu and some royaltiesof high status in the fiels. They coexist with natives of Shandong areaand their cultures are opposite and incompatible. In the second chapter,surnames, ethnic groups, ethnic sources and geographical distribution ofthe countries in Shangdong area during Zhou Dynasty are combed detailedly.On the basis of ethnic identity theory, with different ethic groups asa starting point, the surnames, ethnic groups of nearly forty nations inShandong area are carded. Theses nations belong to surnames such as: Ji,Jiang, Si, Zi, Feng, Ying, Ren, Ji, Cao, Yun, Gui, Bai. In addition, somenations and ethnic groups’ surname and ethnic sources are unknown. Thenations and ethnic groups with certain ethnic sources almostly come fromthe Central Plains, West and the Yangtze River Basin and a few are native.In Zhou Dynasty, there are the most nations, the most ethnic groups andthe most complex ethnic sources in Shandong area. These naitons belongingto different ethnic groups are the root of cultural pluralism, diversityand complexity of Shandong area in the Zhou Dynasty. In the third chapter,the relationship between the ethnic sources of nations of Shandong andDongyi and the connection between the ethnic sources and Regional culture characteristics are discussed. Documents recorded that there is a ethnicgroup called Dongyi antagonistic to Huaxia ethnic groups in Central Plains.But from the archaeological data and ethnic identity, nations of Shandongare almostly Huaxia race and Dongyi is not a definite race but a form ofaddress which is used by Zhou to legitimate warfare and to highlight thealien because of the ethnic classification/identification system andthe need for political and military propaganda. The races living in theShandong area are not natives but mostly from the Central Plains, the Westand the South. And in the Zhou Dynasty, according to the archaeologicalculture, the Shandong area can be divided into several regions and thereis more than one type of culture. The regions differ from the Zhou in thesacrificial system (including persons, the dog), the system with thetripod, the coffin system, the title system, the burial system, the usageof pottery and Riming. To certain extent, it demonstrates the influencethat the nations of different ethnic sources make on cultures and histories.Although surrendering to Zhou in politic,the nations of Shandong areashowed a certain degree of independence in culture. Especially when theZhou royal court weaken，the independence of culture becomes more distinct.In Zhou Dynasty, ancient countries and their culture is not as simpleas we imagine. This paper only combs the countries which prove to be trueon the basis of ethnic group and briefly analyzes some cultural phenomenons.Certainly, the later archaeological discoveries and the application ofnew perspective will further enrich our understanding of Shandong nationsin Zhou Dynasty.