Egyptian Muslim Brotherhood And The Ruling Challenges The Rise Of Research

Founded in Egypt in1928, the Muslim Brotherhood is the oldest, largest,closest-knit and most influential Sunni Islamic movement. The outbreak of “January25thRevolution” in Egypt in early2011brought the organization the best developmentopportunity over the past80plus years，and Egypt saw the fast rise of the MuslimBrotherhood in its political arena. The Freedom and Justice Party, a new party launchedby the Brotherhood, became the biggest winner in the first parliamentary election heldafter the drastic change in Egypt, and its candidate Mohamed Morsi became the newpresident of Egypt in June2012, making him the first civilian and democratically electedpresident in the history of Egypt, which also means that the Muslim Brotherhood hasclimbed to the to top of the power ladder in Egypt.Focusing on the present on the basis of the analysis of the past, the author made asummary over the development journey of the Muslim Brotherhood. While analyzing thereasons for the success of the Brotherhood in gaining governance power, the articleelaborated on various challenges facing the organization from political, economic anddiplomatic perspectives. Part I reviewed the founding and development of theorganization in different political periods, starting from Hasan al-Banna founding theMuslim Brotherhood and its progress in two important periods and elaborating on itscooperation and struggle with the regimes of Gamal Abdel Nasser, Anwar Sadat andHosni Mubarak. Part II started from the “January25thRevolution”, and explained howthe Brotherhood won the power through its strategies and tactics in the “revolution”. Theauthor listed three reasons behind its success–“close-knit organization, solid publicbasis and economic strength”,“rich experience in political struggle and ability to seizeopportunities to take actions”, and “capability to unite with other political forces”. PartIII summarized the performance of the Brotherhood in governance from political,economic and diplomatic aspects, on the basis of which the author listed main challengesfacing the organization in three fields–“how to manage its relations with other majorpolitical forces”,“how to develop the economy and improve the livelihood”, and “how to strike a balance between maintaining independence and winning external support in thediplomatic arena”.The author concludes that the Muslim Brotherhood has gained solid economic andsocial foundation through its hard and twisted development journey, becomingincreasingly mature in political struggle. Its success has been attributable to the favorableconditions of the specific time as well as its own advantage. However, due to its ownlimitation, the reality in Egypt and impact of external forces, the Muslim Brotherhood isbound to meet many challenges in governance, and its road ahead cannot be plain sailing.