The Path Toward Liberation

I make a study on the relevant questions about the political philosophy of Marxand Nietzsche in this thesis. Marx and Nietzsche has exposed the problem ofEuropean modernity，whose names are the landmarks of European modernity. Thenames of Marx and Nietzsche are plural. Besides the real Marx and Nietzsche, therealso include their defenders, expositors and executors.As the creators of the ideology，Marx and Nietzsche established initial patterns ofthe traditions. The ideology pattern of Marx trends to be practical, Marx emphasizedto expose the irony of the time; While Nietzsche observed the style and characteristicof the time in the way of introspection. We should trace back to the initial origins ofthe two ideology patterns from the European ideology traditions，which are thetraditions of metaphysical and dialectics.All the initial origins of the two ideology patterns can be traced from ancientGreek, Marx’s thought started at the atomist Epicurean,and he opened theenlightenment of secularization in the declaration of Prometheus” hating bitterly allthe deities”. While Nietzsche regarded the myth of Dionysus and Apollo as thebeginning of his argument of tragedy, he resisted the tide of secularization resultedfrom the optimism and rationalism in the era of tragedy’s decline. All the twophilosophers had accepted the edification of German ideology traditions, whichincludes German romantic movement，German classical philosophy and YoungHegelians. Their revolutionary passions and the critical spirits are very similar, Marxmoved towards the revolutionary road of "changing the world", Nietzsche wasengaged in the destruction of traditional values through holding up the criticalhammer.Marx and Nietzsche was against the concepts of the transcendental philosophy,which are commonly regarded as the Platonism. But all the two philosophersadvocated transcendence and maintained that people should beyond themselves. Wecan conclude that their political statements are all "negative","struggle" types, whichare the negation of the imperfect political states.Marx and Nietzsche all reveal the problem of “Modern Nihilism", which is the devaluation and alienation of human beings, and returning the final faith to "nihility".Modern nihilism is the state of alienation caused by homeless without conscious. Weshould focus on the social life and the historical situation, in which realisticindividual lives.The political philosophies of Marx and Nietzsche have some “familyresemblances”——they are rooted in the complex situation of European history inthe second half of the19th century. The concepts of power of Marx and Nietzscheare maintaining the digestion of alienated power, and they are all politicalphilosophies of anti-politics, which mean the non-politics of the elimination of thepolitical power. Non-political Human association leads to the sublation of alienatedpolitical power, and it is the real reversion of human social essence.