Study On Evaluating Of Health-related Physical Fitness: Based On The Functional Reserve Of The Heart And The Limbs And Trunk

The important determinants of health-related physical fitness include explosiveforce and endurance. A classic example of requiring explosive force is100m-running; aclassic example of requiring endurance is marathon and triathlon; whereas basketballand football requires both explosive force and endurance. The research of explosiveforce and endurance of athletes has a high complexity. In the previous studies, therehave been very few investigations into the relation between cardiac reserve andexplosive force and endurance, no matter whether they paid attention to the relationbetween cardiac function and explosive force and endurance. In the experiments, all ofthe subjects performed stair-stepping tests （the required number of times ofstep-climbing was calculated from the target workload (7000J, the exercise test wasdivided into4stages), step height (0.23m), and the subjects’ body weight (kg)）. Andthe phonocardiogram was recorded in the sitting position at rest and immediately aftereach stage of the test. In the first study,which related change of D/S ratio and HRduring exercise, heart sound signals were sampled randomly from10wrestlers（W,n=10） and10non-athletes（NA, n=10）, health-related physical fitness of subjects wasevaluated based on the related change of two indicators(HR、D/S). In the second study,which related change of five indictors（Power、MET、S1/S2、D/S and HR）, fifteenathletes (A, aged19to21years old) and eighteen non-athletes (B, aged18to20yearsold) voluntarily participated in this study. A comprehensive analysis was performed byusing a five-line graph which was constructed from the measured data (employing themean values): Power, MET, S1/S2, D/S and HR (vertical coordinates) were plottedagainst the work done during exercise (marked on the horizontal axis). The obliqueangles corresponding to1750J between S1/S2line, HR line, D/S line, power line, METline and horizontal axis or its extended line were measured. The size of these angles wasused to represent the steepness of function change of the heart and the limbs and trunk.By comparing the trend of the5lines and the levels of point data between groups,health-related physical fitness of subjects was evaluated.The objectives of this study were to evaluating the health-related physical fitnessand explore a method, which should be safe, easily popularized, and based on thecardiac reserve and functional reserve of limbs and trunk.In the first study, the heart rates of both wrestlers and non-athletes increased with the increase of workload of exercise. And the heart rates of wrestlers were obviouslylower than non-athletes at rest, one-fourth of peak workload and two-fourths of peakworkload(P＜0.05,P＜0.01). However, the D/S ratios of wrestlers and non-athleteswere both declined with the increase of workload of exercise, and were both less thanone at three-fourths of peak workload and peak workload. In the second study, afive-line graph was constructed from the measured data of Power, MET, S1/S2, D/S andHR. The oblique angles corresponding to1750J between S1/S2line, HR line, D/S line,power line, MET line and horizontal axis or its extended line were76°,72°；75°,71°；38°,35°；-8°,-6°；55°,54°. Under the same workload, the data of Power, MET, S1/S2, D/Sand HR of the two groups showed different trends. Comparing with non-athletes,athletes had a higher level of Power, MET, S1/S2and D/S, whereas the level of HR waslower than the non-athletes, and the increase in HR was slower.Conclusion: cardiac reserve is mobilized during exercise with the heart rateincreasing and the D/S ratio declining. It is derived mainly from the heart rate reserve insubjects with low exercise performance. The decline of D/S ratio indicated the cardiacdiastoles were reduced and it is an important risk factor of the cardiac event.Corresponding to the workload of1750J, the size of the oblique angles between S1/S2line, Power line, MET line and horizontal axis might be used to evaluate explosive force.The trend and the level of point data of Power, MET, S1/S2, D/S and HR might be usedto evaluate the exercise endurance. The method used in this study is safe and easilypopularized, which deserves further study in large samples of different kinds of athletes.