Wheat Peptide To Simulate Altitude Training In Mitochondrial Effects And Mechanism

Objective:The study was to explore the effect of simulated altitude training on myocardial mitochondrial form and function of rats and its mechanism, and further to explore the effect of supplying wheat peptide on myocardial mitochondrial form and function of rats with simulated altitude training and its mechanism.Method:The study objects were60clean grade male SD rats, weight160-180g. Two weeks of adaptive feeding, then they were randomly divided into6groups, those were control group (C, n=10), exercise training group (E, n=10), Hypoxia control group (HC, n=10), Hypoxia+wheat peptide group (HW, n=10), Hypoxia+exercise training group (HE, n=10), Hypoxia+exercise training+wheat peptide group (HEW, n=10). The rats were fed with common feed and their weight were measured every week. Meanwhile, the group HW and HEW added wheat peptide solution (dose for0.5g/kg bw) after exercise training. Nine weeks later, the myocardial mitochondrial ultrastructure were observed and the myocardial mitochondrial ATPase, CCO, SOD activities and MDA contents in rats were measured.Results:(1) Compared with C group, the myofibril of cardiac muscle in E group is running in a rule way, basic structure and a Z line were clear. The number of mitochondria increased, the sizes was substantial same, and inner and outer membrane was integrity, and the crest was clear. There was a few mitochondrion shrinking, and crest vague. At the same time there was no significant changes (P>0.05) of the ATPase, CCO, MDA and SOD in the myocardial mitochondria.(2) Cardiac troponin fibres in group HC rank irregularly, and part of myofilament presents vaguely, and shows a disorder Z line, meanwhile inflammatory cell infiltrated. Mitochondria rank in an irregular way and get different sizes, while even part of the mitochondria appears shrinking. The internal structure of mitochondria are not clear, and also have mitochondrial swelling, crest fracture or dissolved for parts of them. Meanwhile, CCO in the mitochondria of myocardial is significantly reduced (P<0.01), and a no significant change for ATPase activity (P>0.05). MDA content is significant rising and a significantly reduce (P<0.01) of SOD activity.(3) The myocardial muscle fiber distribution of HE group is not tidy, part of the muscle silk appears rupturing and dissolving, and shows a fuzzy, disorder or even disappearing Z line. The rank of Mitochondria are in chaos manner, and in some parts gathered together; Part of the internal structure of mitochondria shows unclearly and could find some visible giant mitochondria. Through the double factor variance analysis, in the mitochondria of rat cardiac muscle, altitude training could significant reduce the activity of CCO and ATPase (P<0.01). At the same time, MDA content is significantly increased, and a significantly reduced (P<0.01) of SOD activity.(4) The myocardial muscle fiber in HW group distributes in a neat way, and gets a mild distortion Z line. An increasing of Myocardial mitochondria, and presenting different sizes, meanwhile showing visible giant mitochondria. Mitochondria crest is clear and have complete structure. Through the double factor variance analysis, in the low oxygen environment, adding wheat peptide in the cardiac mitochondria could significantly reduce rat MDA content (P<0.01), and significant increase the CCO content and SOD activity (P<0.01), but the increase of ATPase activity is not significant (P>0.05)(5) The arrangement of myocardial muscle fiber in HEW group present a mild distortion, and show a clear Z line. The number of mitochondria is increasing and gathering near the cell nucleus. The Mitochondria become large, but show different sizes, and the crest of Mitochondria is clear and having an increasing number. Through the double factor variance analysis, in altitude training environment, adding wheat peptide to the myocardial mitochondria of rats makes CCO and ATPase activity increased, but no significant interaction(P>0.05), while the MDA content becomes reducing and has significant interaction (P<0.05)Conclusion:(1) Long endurance sports training can make the myocardial mitochondria slightly damaged, but did not affect the function of the mitochondria.(2) Long-term exposure to low oxygen can make myocardial mitochondria lipid peroxidation level get a very significant increasing, and lead the damage of the structure and function of mitochondria form.(3) Long-term altitude training can make the myocardial mitochondria lipid peroxidation level increased significantly, and lead the severe damage of the structure and function of mitochondria form.(4) Add wheat peptide can improve the low oxygen exposure rats myocardial mitochondria lipid peroxidation level, therefore effectively protect low oxygen exposure rats myocardial mitochondrial structure and function.(5) Add Wheat peptide can significantly inhibit oxygen free radical of the altitude training rats myocardial mitochondria, and avoid myocardial mitochondria producing peroxidation damage. It has a very important role in reducing cardiac muscle of mitochondrial of alleviate altitude training rats damaged, and maintaining the normal form of mitochondrial structure and function.