The Training Of Lower Business Talents In The Period Of Transformation

n the long time, the apprenticeship was the center of the cultivation of traditional commercial talents. However, under the influence of the great changes in the field of modern social economy, the apprenticeship has shifted into a method of recruiting cheap labors gradually, which can not fully meet the needs of training of business talents in the new period. Facing the new challenge, social sectors have developed the commercial supplementary education to remedy the insufficiency of apprenticeship. In addition to this internal factor, the trend of saving nation and the joint advocacy from commerce and academia have also promoted the supplementary education.By the outbreak of Anti-Japanese War, the development of Shanghai commercial supplementary schools in the period of the Republic of China can be divided into three stages:the budding stage (The late Qing Dynasty and the early Republic of China), the booming stage (1917-1926), and the stage of management and control (1927-1936). The development is basically complied with the rules——from independent disorderly to independent orderly development, then to standard management. The participants of running the commercial supplementary schools include business groups, education groups, schools, enterprises, churches, and individuals. As the result of different purposes and capacities, the dimensions and teaching level of commercial supplementary schools appear great difference. Teachers and students are the most important elements of schools, and their source has the characteristics of diversification, which can be observed through the composition, source and management. As an important complement to apprenticeship, commercial supplementary schools work to improve the business knowledges of clerks and apprentice. On the level of teaching infrastructure, although the condition of environment and funds differ, the schools runed by different groups provide the basic teaching environment by making full use of their resources. The courses of schools correctly combine traditional business ethics and modern commercial knowledges, and their teaching methods and principles reflect the new fashion of times. The evaluation methods are appropriate and the system of rewards and penalties is also perfect. Overall, one the one hand, the pragmatic teaching of commercial supplementary schools helps the students acquire the business knowledges and improve their overall qualities. On the other hand, their unstable teaching activities reflect that commercial supplementary schools have obvious internal hierarchy system.The modern China is in the period of transformation, the ideological cultures of ancient, modern, eastern and western collide with each other, and the social economy faces a huge change. The study of commercial supplementary schools in the Republic of China reflects the transformation of training mode of lower commercial talents, which is a combination of western vocational education and the modern Chinese conditions. The training mode of "apprenticeship+supplementary education" evolves the most common training mode of lower commercial talents, which fully inherits the advantages of modern western education and traditional Chinese business talents training. The new mode emphasizes both the knowledges and practices, and completes the insufficiency of middle and high education, which improves actively the overall qualities of Chinese lower businessmen.