Comparative Study Of American High School Physics Textbook Presentation Of The Scientific Method

The arguments between the knowledge-based and the method-based never stopped in new education process century, human-oriented also been evaluated to a new height. The new curriculum reform proposed the new curriculum reform proposed three-dimensional goals, including knowledge and skills, process and methods, attitudes and values. Combined with knowledge, methods and human-oriented based on the form of teaching object, to develop comprehensive development skills people.At information age, knowledge changed at a rapid pace, education based on knowledge have already kept up with the process of science and technology, the scientific methods have been favored widely when it was used to the theory of the bridge leading to the practice.Our country’s new high school physical design of the materials followed the law of development of human cognition, the main line was knowledge logic to education by penetration and emotion. The new curriculum reform makes it clearly that what the goal of education was, the scientific method was presented with a lot of ways in new curriculum. Our country’s scientific method was still in stage of researching and trying, and it was not mature and complete in compilation of books, teaching modes, evaluation system and so on. American middle school emphasized the training of ability system, remarkable achievements were obtained with the scientific method. The books with repeat, miscellaneous, old knowledge have been reduced in America, and had already formed relatively mature and complete scheduling system, the organized part of the scientific method should been referenced for us.The study including three parts:The first is, the study on presentation of physical scientific method.The part studied on the structure, function and type of books presentation, and introduced seven kinds of presentation of physical science methods from organization and features of textbooks. Discussed the classification theory of knowledge in Polanyi, and introduced two types of presentation:dominant and recessive. From view of contents organization and knowledge presentation, constructed the frame of presentation ways of physical science methods.The second is, the presentation model construction of the physical sciences in textbooks.Analyzed the scientific method factors of textbook standard between China and USA, both of textbook standard introduced the goal of scientific method clearly, and it was good to education; based on knowledge classification theory of Anderson and Polanyi, studied on the features of physical science methods, introduced a point which belongs to procedural knowledge and presented by recessive in textbook views; by studying comparison model of textbook, nine comparison items were determined, and set a more detailed comparative dimension for each item by combining the characters of people’s education press edition and "Physics—Principles and Problems". Then construct the comparison model of scientific method presentation in textbook.The third part is, the comparison research on the scientific method presentation between Chinese textbooks and American textbooks.Based on studying on characteristic and whole arrangements of textbook of China and USA, the same compulsory contents were selected in paper (The physics in people’s education press edition and U.S high school physics textbook). Under the guidance of the comparison model of scientific method presentation, studied on seven presentations selected from two textbook editions, including chapter arrangements, part setting, chart designing, exercise arrangements, lead-in, text and experimental design, did quantitative and quantitative analysis on factors of different kinds of presentation, and introduced the similarities and differences of scientific method presentation in two edition textbook.There is a conclusion:U.S textbook focused on mathematical methods, problem-solving strategies and rational thinking education. Setting up a special section of scientific method of education, a large number of exercises, various types,and a number of open exercise and physical original problem had been scheduled; the experimental design emphasizes the initiative of students, The establishment of the physical learning website deepening and broadening of the content of textbooks, online education.PEP physical focused on Galileo experimental methods, particle model, the ratio defined law education, arrangement of differential thinking was profound, the introduction of the operation-oriented class method, various types of lead-in and chart and experimental exploration. There were still some weak points, penetration of less than mathematical methods, less exercises, lack of scientific method of education chapter and so on.