Dilemma And Way Out Of Implementation Of The General Education Curriculum In Chinese Research Universities

The present higher education in China is bearing double pressure in the combination of tradition and reality. On the one hand, it is believed that officialdom is the natural outlet for good scholars, just leading to degree supremacist. On the other hand, education marketization and industrialization caused by utilitarianism and performance responsibility request the university realizing the maximization of the benefit and efficiency, which makes it has the characteristics of the vocational training and product processing. If universities, especially research universities, lost the concept of holistic cultivation, the position of spiritual ivory tower and then became tools factory, chain toughness would be lost, which is used to train talents for the society by colleges and universities. Therefore, developing general education and returning to the goal of university education have become the priority of higher education reform and development.General education in European and American countries starts early and develops more mature. In recent years, universities in Asian countries, Hong Kong and Taiwan are actively exploring new mode of undergraduate education accords with national and regional characteristics. Their experience of general education development provides a good mode for our mainland universities, individual research university have made certain achievements after years of exploration and practice. But, for most of the research universities the overall level of general education development in our country is still low, especially in the implementation of the curriculum. School administrators, teachers and students all have a shallow understanding and inadequate attention of general education, curriculum construction, teaching organization and management system of general education are not sound, weak teachers curriculum, relatively single teaching forms and methods, it’s still a problem.This paper use effective teaching and teaching optimization theory as theoretical basis, carry on qualitative research of general education curriculum implementation in one domestic research-oriented university by the method of literature analysis and interview, discuss teaching dilemma and the strategy of the optimization of the general education course in colleges and universities from two aspects of college managers and teachers,combining with the characteristics of general education curriculum.This study found that:first, general education in the research university exists problems in the construction of management system, characterized by lack of relevant policies to support the subject status of general education, the teachers level is not high, teaching quality has not been included in the teachers’ evaluation standard, lack of appropriate incentives, there is no scientific evaluation system to evaluate the effect of general courses. Second, shortage exists in the implementation of a curriculum, teachers always ignore the students’ needs and interests when choosing general course content and they can not grasp the depth and breadth. General education is not overlooked by teachers and students, curriculum teaching method is unitary, and the teaching effect is not good.The following policy suggestions are put forward in the light of the problems:in the aspect of management system, attention of the general education should be strengthened, a model of a curriculum to conform to the goal of the school personnel training should be established and we should perfect the related system security, increase financial support for the construction of a curriculum, combine the construction of teaching staff of a curriculum with development of university teachers, strengthen evaluation, supervision and management of the teaching quality of general education curriculum. In terms of teachers, we should carefully organize teaching curriculum contents, adopt diversified teaching methods, make full use of modern education technology, stimulate students’ learning enthusiasm by advocating research-oriented teaching and strengthening the teaching practicality.