Reciprocity And Calculation: The Favor Contact At Underdeveloped Rural Area In China’s Transition Period, From The Perspective Of Social Network

According to its functions, the favor contact in underdeveloped rural area can be divided into four types, that is maintenance, expression, investment and compensation. Favor contact is a way to maintain, expand, construct or shrink the social relations, thus to realize the organic solidarity of the acquaintance society. Mental motivation of favor contact is complex, and many mental mechanisms such as herd mentality, Mianzi, retribution and speculation would play an important role in the process. In a rural society of organic solidarity, the basic principle of favor contact is reciprocity and fairness, and the logic of public behavior is public rules. However, in a society of mechanical solidarity, the reciprocity and fairness in favor contact are replaced by utilitarianism and calculation, the force of public rules are decreased gradually and favor contact finally runs into a risk of "Terra Tragedy". Favor contact becomes the instrument of social stratification and social exclusion and the carrier of social competition. Favor alienation brings peasants not only heavy economic burden, but also weakness in the position of mental, psychological and social. In the words of peasants that is,"voiceless" and "powerless", which not only means that their request of social support and social identity are not satisfied, but also means that they have a sense of self-depression and being eliminated. To achieve the effective governance of favor alienation, self-discipline and redemption of peasants themselves is by no doubt a necessity, furthermore, it also calls for external resources and institution to solve the cooperation need that can be hardly solved by traditions.