Reconstruction Of Public Spaces Of New Rural Community Based On Peasant Households Perspective

Public space is a transitional space connecting villages external and interior space, and it is the main place where peasant households product and public activities happen.As the rapid growth of traditional rural population and the constant adjustment and upgrading of industrial structure, villages present the phenomenon of decentralized structure and unlimited sprawl, which quickens village space transformation. The new rural community construction has become an important gripper to eradicate the dual structure in urban and rural areas. Public space as an important part of the new rural community construction, overall coordination of space is beneficial to the efficiency of the whole community space and image promotion. New rural community, the new living pattern not only improves farmers’ living standard, at the same time, also breaks the traditional way of communication. However, the pattern has exposed many problems such as disorderly space scale,"urban community bias", and disconnecting farmers’ demands, which directly increases the construction resistance of new rural community and lowers farmers community identity. The masses is the root of public space to produce. Real and objective understand the farmers, and master its utilization preference of public space. According to the farmers demand, reasonable planning and construct community public space is not only beneficial to promote the progress of urban and rural integration, also can promote the sustainable utilization of rural land resources and improve farmers community sense and happiness. Based on this, this study tidies evolution characteristics, trends of rural public space of China and development bottleneck of the new rural community public space. Identify public space reconstruction mechanism by using a constitution model, and definite the contents, goals and principles of public space reconstruction. Take New Dazhu Village(Dazhu Xin Cun) of Hechuan District of Chongqing as a sample, on the basis of finding out public space development, utilazation and farmers’demand of New Dazhu Village by the combined using farmers’participatory survuy method and residency experience survey method, the study quantitatively expresses peasant households’s behavior response to public space reconstruction and its influencing factors. According to the analysizing process, utilazation characters of public space-space requirements-refactoring behavior response at the perspective of farmers, the paper puts forward designing idea of public space reconstruction. The concrete designs mainly include four aspects, public space management, level design, shape rich and the important node design to realize public space reconstruction, which is help to provide demonstration practice and theoretical guidance for the new rural community public space building.The main researching results are as follows:(1)According to the characteristics of China’s rural productivity development and spatial structure, the development of rural public space is divided into three stages, public space of traditional village in the natural economy period, rural community public space led by township industry and the new rural community public space under the development of rapid urbanization and modernization. Rural public space structure experienced by the order and disorder-an orderly transition, on the public space construction main body by gradually to farmers spontaneous creation, adaptation, transformation to the government-led global unified planning change; On public space form and function, main performance for variety of space form gradually to the homogenization evolution, space function also gradually by a variety of single compound to the functional evolution; On the scale of public space is mainly for the size of unpredictability to the regulation, control switch.(2)The current development of new rural community public space faces many challenges, at the perspective of main body of space construction, farmers, community organizations and the government constitute are all the main bodies of the community public space building. However, the lack of farmers main body status, the imbalance of community organizations function, and the dislocation of the government’s role, a series of main body function chaos become the main limiting factors which restrict the orderly development of public space. At the perspective of the public space planning and construction, there are common problems to take on such as regional characteristics of public space disappeared, the partition of traditional culture and custom, the lack of neighborhood atmosphere, lack of identifiability space, and homogenization and disorderly space scale.(3)Farmers’ participation is the essence of public space existent. On the basis of analysizing utilization and demand characteristics of farmers from different ages, genders and occupations of farmers, the paper puts forward that the restruction of public space of new rural community is the result combining bottom-up demand from peasant households and top-bottom over-all planning of government under external binding by the push-pull framework. The result shows that peasant households hehavior responsing to public space reconstruction is influenced by individual farmers and family characteristics, efficiency characteristic of reconstruction and the public space cognitive characteristics of farmers, and the influencing effect is increased in turn.(4) The reconstructing ideas was proposed and used to guide public space reconstruction practice of New Dazhu Village on the basis of ascertaining public space structure, functions and farmers’ space requirements. On the basis of the comprehensive improvement of public space, first of all, the research has confirmed public space function orientation at the global perspective. According to the scope of services, it determines three hierarchies including the comprehensive public service areas, the public recreational activity areas, and the residential combined courtyard platform from scope of services. Base on showing respect for the peasants’ living habits and enriching their public life, detailed design of key nodes through all hierarchies has been carried out, merging and restructuring the public spaces of the community, contributing to a higher utilization rate and a greater stability of public space while creating a pleasant public living environment and promoting the senses of cognition and belonging of peasants to the community.