The Research On The Development Of Three To Six-year-old’s Coordination Capabilities

Purposes: Human movement coordination has always been a basic theoretical issuerelated to human science, movement control, technique learning, rehabilitation medicine,behavioral psychology and some other subjects. Apart from this, it also has largepotential for applying into the areas such as ergonomics, robotics, children’s skillsdevelopment and sports training and other fields. This study is intended to explore thelaw of children’s movement coordination and influence of age and gender relatedthrough the quantitative research on the movement “walk”,“run” and “jump” of three tosix-year-old. It provides data to support development of children’s movementcoordination, so as to provide a theoretical basis for better guidance of children’sphysical activity.Methods: there selected170healthy children from three to six, all of them wereregular diet, the body in good condition and with no medication record. Three monthsago before the test, they had never participated in any special campaign project training,and had no damage record with muscle and bones. With adequate preparation, allparticipants are required to complete the movement of “walk”,“run” and “jump” byturns, while high-speed cameras were used to record. Using SIMI—MOTION videoanalysis system to process the movement images into numbers, then calculating theoutput numbers to analyzes the influence on movement coordination of age and genderrelated by multivariate analysis.Results:(1) Movement of “walk”: Of those three to five years old, there has nosignificant difference between male and female, while evident divergence was found inthe second phase of shoulder-hip coordination, the sixth phase of hip-knee coordinationand the fourth phase of knee-ankle coordination between six and four-year-old, also asmaller time difference angle existed. Among four and five-year-old, a smaller time difference angle was found in the fifth phase of shoulder-hip coordination. Compared togirls, boys gained a smaller time difference in the fourth phase coordination than girls offive-year-old. While it comes to five and six-year-old, boys gained smaller time anglesin the sixth phase of elbow-shoulder coordination, shoulder-hip coordination, andhip-knee coordination than girls.(2) Movement of “run”: Those three and four-year-oldshowed no difference in age, boys gained smaller time difference angle than girls in thefirst phase of elbow-shoulder coordination, and the third phase of hip-knee coordination;on the contrary, girls gained a smaller time difference angle in the third phase ofshould-hip coordination than boys. Of those four to five-year-old, there showed noevident difference in age, boys gained a smaller time difference angle than girls in thefirst phase of elbow-shoulder coordination. When it comes to five and six-year-old,boys gained smaller time difference in the fifth phase of elbow-shoulder coordination,the second and third phase of hip-knee coordination, while girls gained a smaller timedifference angle in the second phase of knee-ankle coordination.(3) Movement of“jump”: Among those three and four, four-year-old gained larger in-phase coordinationin the second and fifth phase of hip-knee coordination, girls gained more coordinationin the fifth phase of hip-knee coordination. Five-year-old gained larger in-phasecoordination in the first phase of elbow-shoulder coordination, the fourth phase ofshoulder-hip coordination, girls gained more in-phase coordination than boys in thethird phase of hip-knee. While six-year-old gained more in-phase coordination in thefourth phase of elbow-shoulder, the first phase of shoulder-hip coordination, the fourthphase of hip-knee coordination, and boys gained more in-phase coordination in thefourth phase of hip-knee coordination.Conclusion：(1) Movement of “walk”: children between three and four showed nodisparity in gender, children of four grew in better coordination capabilities in theshoulder-hip, hip-knee and knee-ankle. Children between four and five showeddifference in gender, boys displayed better coordination capabilities in knee-ankle thangirls, five-year-old grew better in shoulder-hip coordination than four-year-old. Childrenbetween five and six showed no disparity in age, and boys showed better coordinationcapabilities than girls in elbow-shoulder, shoulder-hip and hip-knee coordination.(2) Movement of “run”: children between three and four showed no difference in age, boysdisplayed better in elbow-shoulder and hip-knee coordination than girls, while girlsshowed better in shoulder-hip coordination. Children between four and five showed noage difference, boys got better elbow-shoulder coordination than girls. Among five andsix-year-old, there showed no age disparity, boys got better coordination inelbow-shoulder, hip-knee and knee-ankle.(3) Movement of “jump”: four-year-old gotbetter hip-knee coordination capability than three-year-old and girls got better hip-kneecoordination than boys. Children between five and six showed clearly age disparity,six-year-old showed better coordination in elbow-shoulder, shoulder-hip and hip-kneethan five-year-old, and boys got better coordination capability than girls in hip-kneecoordination.