The Study On Motor Development Characteristics Of Stride Jump In3-10Year-old Children Of Jinan City

Basic motor skills can be divided into displacement skills and operational skills.Stride jump as a basic motor skill belongs to displacement skills, which is appliedvery commonly in daily life and sports activities. Stride jump action can be dividedinto four parts: run-up phase, the take-off stage, the flight phase and landing phase. Inthis paper, the author makes a research about the overall action and various stages ofthe stride jump action. There are640children aged from3to10from Jinan City inthis paper, and the research uses the experimental method, video analysis, literatureanalysis, logical analysis and the mathematical statistics method. The research getsthe overall action characteristics of stride jump action, the movement characteristicsof each limb segment and the distribution of different ages、genders and so on.Conclusions are as follows:1. Stride jump action of all ages children shows up different characteristics, theaction goes toward a higher level as children are growing older. The development ofchildren’s overall action of stride jump action can be divided into the following stages:the3to4years old children only have a reluctantly stride jump action, they arestaying at the first stage of the development of stride jump overall action; the4to5.5years old children stride jump action are in the second phase of the overall motordevelopment; the stride jump actions’ characteristics of the5.5to7years old childrenare in a transitional period, action characteristics approach the third stage gradually;the stride jump action of the children of the7to10years old is in the third phase ofthe overall motor development. There are differences between children of differentages and no difference between the children of different genders in the same ageamong3to10years old children in stride jump action development.2. The run-up stage: lower limb movements perform differently in flight time, parts of the feet of the ground, the angle of the knee joint, and mentioning pendulumamplitude. Lower limb movements of the children in the3to6years old groupmainly show the characteristics of L1or L2; the lower extremities action of thechildren in the6to10years old group mainly have L3feature. Upper limbmovements perform differently in the lower limb movements of the arm swingamplitude and the angle of the elbow, the3to5years old children mainly show thecharacteristics of the A1or A2; children in the5-10years old group mainly have A3characteristic. Upper limb movements reach the third stage earlier than thelower-body movements.3. The take-off stage: different feature of lower extremities action is the positionof the leg swing; the lower extremities action of the children in the3to5years oldgroup mainly have the characteristics of L1; the lower extremities action of thechildren of the5to10years old group mainly have the characteristics of L2. Upperlimb movements characterize the differences in the magnitude of arm swing, thebrake, and the angle of the elbow. Upper limb movements of the children in the3to6years old group mainly show the characteristics of A1or A2; the children of6to7years old mainly have A2or A3characteristic in excessive stage; the children oflower extremity action in7to10years old group perform characteristics of A4, butpart of them perform A3characteristics.4. The flight phase: differences in lower extremity movement are mainly referredto the position of the leg swing before or after in vivo. Most of the children aged3to10have the characteristics of L2, only a small part of the children have thecharacteristics of L1. The differences of the upper limb movement mainly performboth in the wobble amplitude and the swing process route. The3to4years oldchildren mainly have the operation characteristics of A1; the4to5years old childrenprimarily have the characteristics of the A1or A2, they are in the period of a rapidtransition; the5to10ages primarily have A3or A4characteristics. In this phase, thelower extremity action develops faster than the upper limb motor development.5. The landing stage: the difference of leg movements mainly refers to theposition of the leg swing. Children of3to10years old mainly have L2action feature, part of the younger children in L1characteristics almost reduce to zero with ageincreasing. Differences in foot action mainly refer to both feet landing time and feetspacing. The3to5.5years old children most have the characteristics of F2; childrenof5.5to7years old have the characteristics of F2or F3, which is in a fast conversionstage; children of7to10years old mainly have F3characteristics. The difference ofthe upper limb movements is the amplitude of the swing. Most of the children in the3to5years old segments have A1characteristics; children in the5to7year old agehave the characteristics of the A1and A2, which is a transitional stage; most of thechildren in the7to10years old have A2characteristics.6. Through the comparison and analysis of the relation between the children’s stridejump movement and age, it is found that the development of leg movements ofchildren at the age of3to7is faster than that of arm movements. The5to7years oldis a critical period for children’s stride jump action to the third stage.