The Supply Of Public Services Of Fiscal Constraints And System Reform In The Process Of Migrant Workers Becoming To Citizens

Migrant workers becoming to citizens is a long-term process, the nature of that ismigrant workers and urban residents enjoy the same public services. Public servicesof migrant workers include the employment of migrant workers, the social security ofmigrant workers, migrant children education, education and training, and housingsecurity. According to the theory of public goods and fiscal decentralization, housingsecurity for local public goods, the social security of migrant workers, migrantchildren education and migrant workers education and training are for centralgovernments. System as a pure public goods ought to be provided by the government,government promote the process though system reform. Government use the budget,tax incentives, government bonds, fiscal spending and transfer payments policy toolsto provide the public service of migrant workers.In fact, the supply of the public service is much smallerr than demand in theprocess of migrant workers becoming to citizens. In terms of employment, migrantworkers engaged in the industry instability, employment services for migrant workersare not included in the scope of the government’s fiscal responsibilities. In the termsof social security, social insurance rate of migrant workers is lower. The centralgovernment and the local government do not have targeted measures to solve theproblems; the central government commits to less social security responsibilities. Interms of education for their children, a large number of migrant workers childrencannot receive free compulsory education. In the terms of education and training, thelower proportion of migrant workers can participate in education and training, thesystematic education and training programs are lack. In the terms of housing security,the local government did not supply the housing security services. To make migrantworkers become citizens need much financial expenditure.Resulting in the lack of public service of migrant workers are financial problemsand institutional constraints. First, financial security is imperfect: the budget is notstrict, a large number of extra-budgetary revenue was not included in the budgetmanagement, less of the extra-budgetary spending are for social security expenditure;central government and local government finances is unclear. The structure of fiscalexpenditure is unreasonable, administrative funding is large-scale, education andsocial security spending smaller wide funding gap for the migrant workers of publicservice provision; transfer payment system is flawed and reduce the enthusiasm oflocal government to provide the public service for migrant workers. Binary householdregistration system, the employment system, social security system are major factors that hinder local governments to provide public services for migrant workers. Theinadequate education and training system make the local government not to provideemployment services for migrant workers. The unreasonable land system limits thefree flow of migrant workers.Financial and institutional barriers hinder people of migrant workers, buteffective reform, science, education and social security increase fiscal spending asignificant role in promoting the people of migrant workers to become citizens thoughVar model research, the bad system is a serious impediment to the migrant workersand has become the main financial constraints.Address barriers to migrant workers, promoting the construction of the system ofthe migrant workers need comprehensive reform. By establishing the framework ofthe overall system can solve the problems of the migrant workers becoming citizens.Government improves the fiscal decentralization through the budget system, andestablishes an incentive mechanism to motivate the government to provide publicservices for migrant workers. Social security of migrant workers is directly under thecentral government’s fiscal subsidies, central government promote the localgovernment to supply the public service of the education of children of migrantworkers in the province and employment services through general transfer payments,to interprovincial children of compulsory education of migrant workers into thespecial transfer payments. Reform of the household registration system, socialsecurity and social welfare decouple form the household registration system Instead,government establish a unified national public service system that include educationand training, children’s education, social security, housing security, employmentservices. The use rights of agricultural land can be free flow through reform of theland system. Government establishes an incentive mechanism, starting from thefundamental system to improve the people’s congress system to give migrant workersthe right to vote to motivate the government to provide effective public services. Thedesign of the index system is to measure the public services of migrant workers. Weshould fully use comprehensive utilization of various systems and policy measures topromote the migrant workers becoming citizens.