The Migration Strategy Of Rural Labor Force In Transitional Period

Completed in the early1980s,the household contract responsibility system reform, as well as agricultural resources involved in the configuration of the market mechanism, made the microeconomic incentive of agricultural operations problems be solved, and significantly improved the efficiency of agricultural production. The government attaches great importance to the development of agriculture, the three decades of the absolute value of agricultural production has been in a steady upward trend, but the share of agriculture in GDP has been in a declining trend. In these transfer groups, part of the people the local transfer, the small towns of the township enterprises in the region turned to leave the agricultural activities or local employment; part of the off-site transfer mode "and encouraged farmers to leave their homes", inter-provincial, inter-city labor transfer, that migrant workers. Considering the merits of two modes, has always been a topic of controversy by theorists. After the financial crisis, large numbers of workers return home for business employment and entrepreneurship. Concerned about the serious problem about "Labor Shortage".choice about the mode of transfer has once again become the focus of discussion among academics.In fact, in today’s market, should this rural labor be transfer and how to transfer.the ultimate point of these problems are concentrated in the micro issues of how rural workers make rational choices. As can be seen, during oChina’s rural workers face three main decision-making options:remain engaged in agricultural activities in the rural areas; moved to nearby small towns, also include migrant workers return home for employment and entrepreneurship; Third, migration to big cities in search of employment opportunities, which called the off-site transfer. I believe that the three decision-making does make sence, as a rational economic man, the farmers always find the optimal solution, make the most favorable decision according to their own or family interests. The question is, what are the constraints faced by the farmers to make these decisions? Or faced with the rapidly changing market economy in transitional period, how do farmers make beneficial self-interest maximization decision? Migrant or continue farming, local transfer or off-site transfer, what is implementation condition of these decisions? Answering these questions, not only conducive to our behavior from the micro-level analysis of the transfer of the rural labor force, to deepen our understanding of labor transfer, will also help us to find ways of increasing farmers’income, realize the "three rural issues" final solution to the completion of the urban-rural dual economic structure to the integration of urban and rural economic structure transformation.In this paper, the transfer of labor understanding for the actions taken by economic agents to seek maximum benefits by building a utility maximization as the objective function of the rural labor force transfer decision-making model inframarginal analysis method parse out the various transfer decisions affect labor The general analysis of internal and external factors, the decision-making process in the theoretical labor transfer. On this basis, the paper combined with the facts of China’s transition labor transfer and collected a large number of China’s labor transfer real-time data from yearbooks, databases, and research results from the empirical application point of view on the issue of China’s labor transfer specific investigation. Finally, for workers facing motivating factor in the transfer process and obstacles, this paper presents the reform measures and solutions.This article follow the logical ideas of questions-theoretical study-modeling-Empirical analysis-to solution to the problem divided into five chapters to discuss.The first chapter is the introduction. This section introduces the significance of the research background, theory and reality, and the related core concepts defined this basis, the article research ideas and methods, as well as innovative and inadequacy.The second chapter is the theoretical basis. The theoretical basis of this paper comes mainly from labor transfer theory and the emerging neoclassical economics theory, therefore this chapter includes two parts. First I grasp the latest research trends in this area, at the same time to sort out the transfer of rural labor research context, from a theoretical point of view, to find a breakthrough for this study:at home and abroad study, the economic dominant position of workers’economic weakening, which makes most of the research has focused on the macro field, but the lack of a microscopic basis. Subsequently, in order to avoid the shortcomings of the neo-classical framework of research, I introduce the emerging neoclassical theory and marginal analysis, a brief introduction and interpretation of this theory and analytical methods, which lay a good model of the theoretical foundation.Chapter III:Model part. This chapter first lists three assumptions of the model: all economic agents, both producers and consumers; each economy is in the pursuit of utility maximization benefits, the farmers transfer of decision-making depends on the production of agricultural products and the production of non-agricultural products brought comparison to the effectiveness of the gap; farmers can freely transfer under the conditions of the market economy, but need to pay a certain cost. On this basis, I draw on marginal analysis method and departure from labor economic rationality body, build a utility maximization as the objective function of rural labor transfer decision-making model, draw three modes of production available to farmers to choose:self-sufficiency self-contained production mode, the mode of specializing in the production of agricultural products and specializing in the production of non-agricultural mode. The article holds that a complete labor transfer decision-making process includes the production mode of choice and select two parts of the amount of labor input, reflecting in the present model, i.e. is the first in a different mode of production between the interests of the comparison, and select a suitable own mode of production, then in this mode for reasonable labor factor inputs, to achieve maximum benefits. Ultimately, to resolve the five kinds of factors that affect the transfer of labor from our decision-making model:technical efficiency, the probability of employment, the efficiency of the transaction, the price level and the transfer cost.Chapter IV:Empirical analysis. This chapter begins with a simple review of the transfer of the labor force since China’s reform and opening up, the analysis of the historical trends and the spatial structure of transition labor transfer. Subsequently, according to the conclusion of the transfer of decision-making model derived from an empirical point of view in the third chapter, depth and detailed examination of five factors that affect the transfer of labor:the technical efficiency of the rural labor force transfer decision-making, mainly reflected in the "direct effect" and "indirect effect"; probability of employment, labor supply and demand characteristics together determine the probability of employment of migrant workers expected to affect the target value of the transfer function; efficiency of the transaction, the transaction costs of the technology-based and institutional trading The cost impact of the presence of migrant workers with farmers, migrant workers and urban residents, the income gap between the size of the labor force, thereby affecting transfer choice; price level, the rise in agricultural prices and did not bring the income of rural residents increased, despite migrant workers’low wages, but migrant income greater than farming income conditions, the farmers still migrant momentum; transfer costs, farmers into the city faces two types of economic and non-economic costs, which become an obstacle factors.The fifth chapter is the part of policy recommendations. Combined with the previous theoretical analysis and application analysis and put forward policy recommendations for the transfer of rural labor. This paper argues that the transfer of the rural labor force is not a simple "roll-out" and "into" the problem, but rather how to achieve the increase in the employment and income of the rural labor force. Therefore, the policy recommendations focus on the proposed comprehensive supporting reform aspects of technical efficiency, the probability of employment, the efficiency of the transaction and transfer costs, from both urban and rural, and to promote the employment of rural labor force in urban and rural areas to establish and income protection network.Innovations may in this paper are that:(1) research perspective, this paper starting from the workers of the microscopic individual using inframarginal analysis method to establish the utility maximization as the goal of rural labor transfer selection decision-making model to make up the lack of micro-foundation for the current insufficient labor transfer, which more aptly describes the phenomenon of rural labor transfer.(2) research methods, this paper draws Xiaokai represented inframarginal analysis method, in the the framework of Neoclassicist, build a change constraints as to maximize the effectiveness of the producers-the main consumers of the rural labor force decisions model, which re-established the dominant position of the workers’economic and perfected the the laborers two-step decision-making process.(3) research contents, this article established the status of the workers’economic entities, and endogenous institutional factors and non-economic factors to our model, while expanding the scope of the model, but also makes our interpretation closer to reality.