Analysis Of The Matching Degree Between China’s Industrial Structure And Employment Structure

Although China’s economy has grown rapidly for30years, the huge employment pressure still exists due to the large size of population. The export-oriented economic growth model based on processing trade has greatly improved the employment situation of rural surplus labor, but for a long time the employment elasticity of China’s economic growth is not high and in a downward trend. Therefore, the lack of coordination between China’s industrial structure and employment structure becomes a major issue of this paper.By calculating structural deviation, correlation coefficient, coordination coefficient and employment elasticity between industrial structure and employment structure, we deeply analyzed the interaction between China’s industrial structure and employment structure, and find that it’s the uncoordinated relationship between them which leads to China’s unsolved employment problem. Then we propose advices on promoting employment based on the cause of disharmony between structural and employment movements.Firstly, we calculate the above four indicators based on the structure and employment data from1978to2012, and find that during this period, the structural deviation between China’s industrial structure and employment structure gradually decreased, and the coordination factor was gradually rising, indicating the degree of imbalance between the two is waning. However, the employment proportion of primary industry has been greater than the proportion of its output, indicating that China is still stuck with a lot of rural surplus labor. The employment proportion of second and third industry are both less than their share value, indicating that there is still much room for employment, especially the third industry with a larger employment elasticity.Secondly, we analyzed the31provinces’ structure and employment data from1990to2010. By constructing the panel data model, we try to identify the factors affecting the deviation degree, coordination coefficient and employment elasticity between China’s industrial structure and employment structure. It turns out that it is more balanced between the two structures in eastern region than central and western regions, and the degree of imbalance is the most serious in the west. On this basis, we will analyze the reason which causes the deviation between industrial and employment structures and affects the economy’s capacity to absorb employment.In this paper, we analyze the interaction between industrial and employment structures from the perspectives of total amount and structure. Then we propose the phase characteristics of economic development and the geographical differences among eastern, central and western regions. Finally, we give the advices on how to improve the coordinating relation between China’s industrial structure and employment structure and how to promote our country’s employment.