Spatial Disparity Of Tourism Economy In Chongqing

With the great development of tourism in recent years, it could be found that spatial disparity of tourism economy among countries is still obvious in Chongqing. Taking39counties/districts of Chongqing as the basic research units, and using statistical analysis methods and measuring models of standard deviation, coefficient of variation, the Theil index, absolute concentration rate, urban primacy index, rank-size distribution analysis, center of gravity analysis, correlation analysis, factor analysis, cluster analysis, grey forecasting model, etc. to analyze the spatial disparity of tourism economy in scale structure, growth, comprehensive level, etc. And to forecast the trend and alert level of spatial disparity, to explore the action mechanism of its subjective and objective influencing factors. On those bases, puts forward the principles and paths of the spatial coordinative development of tourism economy. The results show that:(1)During the period of2000～2012, the tourism economy scale of southern Chongqing was bigger than that of northern Chongqing, and the western region’s tourism economy scale was bigger than that of eastern region. The absolute spatial disparity of tourism economy was dramatically expanded year by year, and the relative difference decreased slowly. The alert line of spatial disparity will be reached by the year of2018. The rank-size distribution had been changing to centralized distribution from primate city distribution, and the spatial polarization gradually transformed into competitive pattern from low concentration oligopolistic pattern, spatial structure of tourism economy on the county scale agglomeration tends to be reasonable. The gravity center of tourism economy located in the adjacent region between Yubei district and Banan district, and it had been36～57km away from the geometric center of Chongqing.(2) From the year2000to2012, the spatial disparity of the absolute growth of tourism economy dropped steadily, and that of the relative growth kept balance with small fluctuations. The tourism economy of northwestern Chongqing and southeastern Chongqing grown faster than the other regions during the period of2000～2005, and Beibei district was the growth center. During the period of2006～2012, southern region and northeast region grown faster than the other regions, and the growth center changed to be Wulong county. (3) During the period of2000～2012, the absolute spatial disparity of the tourism industry status showed an upward trend, and the relative one was stable. The type of industry status of tourism economy was "big scale and high status" which belonged to the three districts of Yuzhong, Nanan, Banan and Beibei, and more than half of the districts/counties’were "small scale and low status".2006～2012, the tourism economy quality of Chongqing was overall ineffective, and its absolute spatial disparity showed obviously, rather than the relative one. Yuzhong district, Jiangbei district, Banan district, Yongchuan district and Wulong county represented the type of tourism flow for "big amount and high quality".(4) During the period of2000-2012, the comprehensive levels of tourism economy of counties in Chongqing were classified as:Extremely high (Yuzhong district), High (Wulong county), Relatively high (Beibei district, Nanan district), General (15districts/counties of Shapingba, Jiulongpo, Jiangbei, Wanzhou, Wansheng, Wushan, Banan, Yongchuan, Dazu, Yubei, Fengdu, Nanchuan, Fengjie, Shizhu and Jiangjing), Low (other20districts/counties).(5) The main objective factors to the spatial disparity of tourism economy in Chongqing include tourism industry positioning, policy enforcement, and macro policy to social and economic, and the main objective factors include the level of industrial structure, the level of economic development, endowment of tourism resources, traffic and location factors, and the urbanization level. The interaction between these objective factors and objective factors compose the dynamic mechanism of the spatial disparity of tourism economy in Chongqing.(6)" Government leading and Unified planning, giving priority to efficiency with due consideration to fairness, adapting to circumstances and complementing each area’s advantages, eco-civilization and inclusive Development" are the principles of that Chongqing needs to follow to make the coordinated development of tourism economy. In addition, Chongqing also needs to follow paths as below:First and foremost, optimizing the tourism spatial structure, cultivates a new tourism economic growth center——Wuxi county. Secondly, Increasing the devotion of the third industry, strengthen the tourism industry policy implementation effect. Besides, breaking the obstacles of the system, strengthen the regional tourism cooperation. Furthermore, improving infrastructure, increase the intensity of industrial convergence, promote the intensity of industrial convergence. Last but not least, strengthening policy support, establish the early warning mechanism of the spatial disparity of tourism economy.