Benefit Evaluation And Incentive Mechanism Of Biogas Project In Livestock Farm

As an effective method for processing animal manure, biogas project puts togethereconomic, environmental and ecological benefits, which is not only can reduce environmentalpollution for farms to bring good benefits for the local environment, but also promoteemployment and increase people’s awareness of environmental protection with some certainsocial benefits. However, its initial one-time investment and operating costs are very hugewithout obvious economically attractive as a purely economic project to investors. Therefore,in order to promote the development of biogas projects, it is necessary to further study theeffectiveness.Based on biogas economic, environmental and ecological benefits evaluation, this topicstudies its incentive policies, which aims at providing reliable data to support livestock farmoperators, and solve weather the farm is available to starting biogas project at economic andenvironmental economic view, and provide recommendations to promote the developmentand construction of biogas reasonable incentives. This paper use:(1) literature survey way, torefer to the relevant literature and theoretical work to understand the development of thebiogas project development and related incentives at home and abroad, and to analyze andselect the biogas project evaluation methods;(2) field research methods, through researchinga large-scale dairy farms at Haidian area in Beijing,this paper acquire knowledge about theprocess of the breeding farms, discharge and disposal of manure, farm material and energyflow path, waste treatment methods and technology, construction and operation of biogas andother relevant information；（3） experimental monitoring method, through monitoringcarbon-related indicators on biogas residue, biogas fermentation, it researches biogas carbonbalance mechanism of fermentation process;(4) Case Analysis, based on a large-scale dairyfarms at Haidian area as a case study, it studies its experimental data and research informationto evaluate its environmental, economic and social benefits.The main efforts include the following aspects:(1)Through comparing with three commonly methods on biogas project benefitassessment consisting of cost-benefit analysis, life-cycle approach and Emergy analysis, it canlearn that: although cost-benefit analysis is mature, simple and easy to operate, its traditionaleconomic evaluation in connection economy and investment environment has not advantages,due to underestimating the value of ecosystem services into the natural environment of thesystem; Life-cycle approach considers the environmental and social benefits, but because ofits long course, amounts of data and complex, and not adapt to China’s national conditions, itis more difficult to use; Emergy analysis method not only is comprehensive, unique scale andvisual image to results, but also contributes to compare the different development path andpolicy comparison among different systems, which is good to evaluate ecological andeconomic benefits for the system. So this paper finally selects emergy analysis method for acomprehensive analysis of biogas systems, and select cost-benefit analysis to evaluate theeconomic benefits of biogas projects. (2) By studying the carbon substances balance of biogas fermentation process,it findsthe vast majority of carbon go into the solid phase (45.8%) and liquid (44.37%), and finallyonly9.83%of carbon go into the gas phase for biogas energy. After entering the gas phase,65.86%of the carbon exists in the form of methane,and34.14%in the form of methanecarbon dioxide, which shows there are more insoluble organic in manure, resulting in lowermethane conversion rate of anaerobic fermentation process.(3) Through economic and environmental analysis of biogas projects, it can concludethat: the proportion of financial subsidies for the project to build the pond75%, with8.7yearspayback period, and finally its net income are262,800yuan after the project expires, whichshows the economically attractive of this biogas project is in level of general; If consideringof environmental benefits without pool subsidies, economic investment can be recovered inthe17th years and get profits of132,200yuan; If given subsidies to build the pool of1.5million, then in the third year it will be able to recall all economic investment and profit1,632,200yuan, which shows a huge economic attractiveness. Finally, using emergy analysiswith the triangle graphics for evaluating subsystem, it finds that emergy input of biogasproject devotes most from economic investment, resulting in a high value rates, weakenvironmental carrying capacity, and low emergy yield, non-profit and unsustainableeconomic activity. For the entire cattle, the complex ecosystem of emergy yield indicator was0.93, whose yield is quite impressive excluding some factors, and the emergy input and theimpact on the environment is at the middle level, but because of its excessive dependenceeconomic investment, it has lower sustainable level of the system and is in the short termsustainable state.(4) With study on abroad biogas incentives, it finds, in many biogas project developedcountries, there are a series of policies and measures to support the development of biogasprojects, including give appropriate financial incentives in accordance with the production ofworks and the role, establish incentive mechanism, improve technical to support biogasengineering equipment industry, build a variety of investment channels and system，givefinancial support and subsequent for running project, as well as simplifying the biogasgeneration to net, giving electricity subsidies, land use planning and environmentalassessment. At national, regional and local level, it gives some recommendations for biogasproject development, including biogas incentives on biogas construction and product use,environmental monitoring relevant laws and regulations, the establishment of specializedindustrial investment and financing mechanism, establishing biogas, residue and slurrymarkets, developing and using rational tax, subsidies and price incentives system, andmulti-sectional cooperation, establishing a unified management system.