| It is fundamental to improve the indoor thermal environment of rural primaryschool classrooms for improving school conditions and teaching quality. In this paper,we study classrooms of grade five and six of Danyang primary school in Guanzhongregion. In order to describe the classroom indoor thermal environment both objectivelyand subjectively, we use a method of on-site testing and questionnaire research insummer and winter. The results show that the thermal environment of classrooms duringclass time in summer is more comfortable. In winter, that are the direct causes makingstudents feel uncomfortable the indoor air temperature and mean radiant temperature islow, and indoor ventilation volume is not enough. The problems are mainlyunreasonable architectural space layout, passive solar energy utilization of classrooms,external structure design and the lack of proper ventilation in winter.For these problems in the classrooms, based on the climatic conditions inGuanzhong region improvement measures are proposed from both passive constructiontools and active regulation of equipments. In space layout, buildings should be arrangedaccording to sunshine thermal characteristics to lay classrooms. General classrooms usedirect-gain passive solar space heating system to raise the classroom temperature inwinter. In external structure design, inside wall insulation,3+12+3insulated aluminumdouble glazed windows and inverted roof insulation are suitable for rural primaryschools in Guanzhong region. Adopting effective mechanical ventilation is an effectivemeasure to improve indoor air quality in the classrooms in winter. After modelingcalculating, it is the most ideal to open exhaust fan and keep the exhaust rate at 4.8m3/min after the first class session. We hope these measures can provide architectsand engineers with both simple and feasible and economical ways when they designrural primary schools which are with high-quality indoor thermal environment. |
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