| Pedestrian protection is one of the important parts in the research field of automotive passive safety, accident reconstruction study based on in-depth investigation can provide valuable basic data for pedestrian protection. With the rapid development of China’s automobile industry and transportation industry, car ownership has increased dramatically, which brings convenience to people’s travel at the same time also led to the frequent occurrence of traffic accidents. Currently, road traffic accident has become one of the most serious social public hazards in the world. In China, car-pedestrian collision is one of the major type of road accidents and in which pedestrian mortality is very high. Therefore, carrying out the reconstruction of car-pedestrian accident and pedestrian protection research becomes urgent and has great realistic significance in China.Though, with reference to the EU pedestrian protection laws and the global pedestrian protection law-GTR, China enacted its own pedestrian protection standards, due to difference between Chinese and Europeans in the aspects of body structure combining the particularity of Chinese road conditions, to what extent the EU pedestrian protection laws and regulations can adapt to the actual situation of Chinese pedestrian protection to be further studied. At present, although a large number of pedestrian protection study has been carried out according to China’s actual situation, which is essentially based on pure simulation test, rather than on the characteristics of real accident reconstruction for regional in domestic.For this reason, take the real car-pedestrian accidents which happened in Songjiang District of Shanghai City as the study object, and with the aid of multi-body dynamic software PC-Crash simulation platform to carry out the following study.(1)The fundamental theory of multi-body which can be used for accident reconstruction with computer simulation was studied, and the basic structure of rigid body, basic kinematic equations and numerical solution were emphasized. The pedestrian injury evaluation was inevitable in car-pedestrian accident reconstruction. So, a preliminary study was launched about the injury mechanism of vulnerable pedestrian head, torso and lower extremity in accident and HIC15, 3ms acceleration of torso and contact force of lower extremity were put forward as the corresponding injury evaluation index.(2)The basic flow and method of car-pedestrian accident in-depth investigation in Songjiang district was described. The information obtained by in-depth investigating is the basis of the accident reconstruction. For the car-pedestrian accident cases in Songjiang database of China National Automobile Accident In-Depth Investigation System(NAIS), an overall analysis was conducted.(3)Multi-body models of car and pedestrian in PC-Crash program were studied as well as the flow and method of car-pedestrian accident reconstruction was expounded. According to the modeling and reconstruction method above, sixteen typical car to pedestrian side collision accidents in NAIS Songjiang database were reconstructed. Quadratic regression model and a power function regression model were used to analyze the relationship between pedestrian throwing distance, pedestrian head impact parameters, pedestrian injury index and the collision speed. Deeply comparison studies on pedestrian head impact parameters in Songjiang and collision conditions of EU pedestrian protection laws were conducted.(4)Car-front-end parameters including the bumper top-edge height(BTH), hood front-end height(HFH), hood rear-end height(HRH), hood longitudinal length(HLH) and bumper lead length(BL) were selected to study the effect of pedestrian injury on head, thorax and lower extremity. The study results provide important reference for which by changing the parameters of car-front-end structure design to reduce injuries in the accident in order to achieve the purpose of protecting pedestrian. |
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