Regional Virtual Water Trade, Transport And Transformation

To solve the water shortage of China, water consumption and water linkages among industrial sectors should be assessed. As the capital of China, Beijing faced more serious water shortage. Research of virtual water trade, transport, and transformation in Beijing has scientific significance and use value. Based on virtual water theory and water resource input-output method, this thesis analyzed the situation of virtual water trade in Beijing, and calculated the direction and quantity of virtual water transport and transformation between sectors in detail.The main research contents and results in this paper are as follows:(1)Established water resources input-output model using input-output table and water resources bulletin in Beijing, the water consumption efficiency, the water characteristics and the virtual water trade, which of 2010 in Beijing, are calculated and analyzed. The result showed: The direct water consumption coefficient in the agricultural sector is far exceeding this of other departments. The levels reach 347.5m3/ 104 Yuan, demonstrating that the efficiency of water consumption in the agriculture sector is not high. The main consumption of agriculture is natural water resources, and the indirect pull on water consumption of other productive sectors is small. Water consumption efficiency of accommodation and catering tourism is low, while that of electronic instrument industry and other manufacturing industries are high. The net input amount of virtual water for Beijing city in 2010 is 18.63×108 m3. Other services, coal mining and processing, machinery and equipment industry, building industry and accommodation and catering industry are output industries of virtual water, others are input industries of virtual water.(2) Based on water consumption efficiency and synergetic theory, establishes a coordination degree model for virtual water and industrial system. This thesis studied the coordination degree between the virtual water and industrial system from 1992 to 2010. The results show that the coordination degree of virtual water- industrial system in Beijing City is low due to the industrial system is ordered but the virtual water system is chaotic in 1995~1997 and 2007~2010. The virtual water- industrial system is coordinated development because of virtual water system and industrial system are ordered in 1992~1995,1997~2007.(3) Calculated vertically integrated consumption of sectors from 1992 to 2010 in Beijing, comparing direct water consumption and vertically integrated consumption. The results show: The direct water consumption in the agricultural sector is far exceeding its vertically integrated consumption; on the contrary, the direct water consumption in the building industry is low. We can know that water in agricultural sector was transferred to other sectors of the economic system; however, other sectors of the economy system provide water to the building industry.(4) Based on water linkage analysis, calculating water use linkages in sectors from 1992 to 2010 in Beijing. The results show that the internal effect of agriculture is large but its net backward linkage is small, namely, most of the water resources in the agricultural sector come from the internal exchange of products, the net import of virtual water from other sectors to agriculture is little. However, the net forward linkage in agriculture is large indicated that virtual water in agricultural sector was transferred to other sectors of the economic system. The net forward linkage in industry is larger than its net backward linkage. The proportion of net backward linkage is big in building industry but its net forward linkage is small indicated that building industry was almost entirely dependent on other departments of the economic system for virtual water. The net backward linkage and the internal effect are large in tertiary industry, namely, most of the direct water consumption of tertiary industry was used in its own production, but this part of the water resources was unable to fully meet the final demand and it was necessary to import substantial amounts of virtual water from the entire economic system.(5) Calculated the direction and quantity of virtual water transport and transformation between sectors. The results show: Agriculture is the largest net output industry of virtual water, there were differences in the net export of virtual water to various other sectors. Industry is a net export sector of virtual water. Industry imported virtual water from agriculture while exported substantial amounts of virtual water to building industry and tertiary industry. The building industry was truly a net import sector of virtual water, it did not output virtual water to any other department. The tertiary industry exported a little of virtual water to building industry while imported a lot of virtual water from agriculture and industry, so tertiary industry was a net import sector of virtual water...