Emergency Shelters In Shenyang:Identification And Spatial Pattern Optimization

China now witnesses a rapid urbanization, which is characterized as Metropolitan. It represents a highly dense and congested in urban functional activities, and expansion in urbanized area size, which occupy ecological space. Such a development model bring numerous safety issues. Urban security service facilities and their location have become focus of discussions and researches. Emergency shelters are important place for disaster evacuation, victims placement and rescue when earthquake, fire, explosion or other disasters happen. They are not only important public service facilities provided by city authority to ensure safety of citizens, but also indispensable component of urban safety space. Location theory is one of basic theories in geography, which is also an unique perspective for geographer when analyzing and solving problems. Location theory of public facilities, as one of important contents of modern location theory, provides theoretical basis for this study.Taking Shenyang as example, this paper starts firstly identifies space resources of urban emergency shelters by using high resolution remote sensing image data.Secondly, visualizing population distribution and spatial pattern of emergency shelters by interpolation method in Arc GIS is conducted. Then this paper analyzes spatial matching between population distribution and emergency shelters, and concludes as follow:(1)population distribution is uneven, which shows a central-peripheral structure;(2)spatial pattern of emergency shelters indicates a “small cluster, large scatter” feature;(3)there exists a bad spatial matching between population distribution and spatial pattern of emergency shelters.Thirdly, this paper explores accessibility of emergency shelters based on road network using Arc GIS grid analysis method. It shows a spatial heterogeneity in accessibility pattern. Service areas in different regions, which is divided by Weighted Voronoi Diagram(WVD),varies in size, quantity and constitution. Small lands play important roles in subdividing service area, which are supposed to work with land of other sizes and types together to function well. Large lands constitute skeleton of spatial pattern, which divide all study-area into 14 clear-boundary service areas.At last, this paper gives a few suggestions on urban development from a safety perspective:(1)planning and location of emergency shelters should refer to population distribution;(2)value the function of small land especially campus resources;(3)collocating emergency shelters of different types and sizes to optimize urban safety space system.