The Impact On The Spatial Form Change In Lijiang Ancient Town With Tourism Development

Lijiang ancient town is the second batch of "historical and cultural city " announced by State Council of China, and were included in the UNESCO "World Heritage" list in1997. It is an ancient city without walls, which was an important stopover and Military powerhouse for Tea-Horse Old Road since ancient times in Yunnan. The ancient city had not been systematic planning, taking Square street as the center, streets from here to spread around to form a mesh pattern. Water network of ancient town is densely covered through streets. Patchwork and elegant buildings are surrounded by water and hills, where the Naxi nationality lives leisurely. All these form a poetic picture composed of "bridges, water and people"The model of promoting tourism with heritage and developing tourism to protect the heritage in return achieved a major success. The rapid development of tourism resulted in the rapid business, foreign culture and spirit extending and gradually diluting the local culture and spirit, so the landscape of ancient town were virtually destroyed.From the perspective of tourism, it divided the tourism development procedure of the ancient town of Lijiang in the theory of tourism area life cycle into the four stages of exploration, involvement, development and consolidation. Combined with them, it makes a comparative analysis of spatial form, including the overall spatial form, architectural space form, spatial form of streets, water spatial form and greening and open space form. The overall spatial form was analyzed from two aspects of the boundary and spatial structure. Architectural space form was analyzed separately from three aspects of Architectural plane form, spatial association and Architectural space scale. Street space form was analyzed from spatial texture, intersection space, space interface and spatial scale. Water space was done by analyzing the changes of three aspects of streets waterfront space, bridge waterfront space and wellspring waterfront space. Greening and open space form was mainly set up in the changes of garden space, public green space, entrance space.The results show that the ancient town was gradually expanded to the east and south, the spatial form of new region is very different from the traditional region. Architectural plane form get easier, uniform buildings with straight and stiff outline so as to be relatively single space combination form in the new region. Space interface integrity of some traditional streets and lanes was destroyed, visual corridor and skyline contour were damaged due to building renovation. The texture of streets space in new region was changed from free staggered into crisscrossed, space interface appeared to be rigid and curt, lack of spatial tension. lot of waterfront space was occupied and uneven used, therefore, bridge waterfront space lack public leisure space. Waterfront space was reduced sharply and get narrow. Courtyard green space spread to the outside space, the quantity of entrances was increasing, more spacious and clear. Square street have lost traditional functions, the space enclosed degree get lower. Spatial form of the ancient town has undergone tremendous change.From the point of view of tourism development, this paper analyzes the factors of space morphological changes, and draw conclusions that the important factors include irrational tourism spatial structure, poor coordination of tourism products, unevenly distributed tourism service facilities, outdated infrastructure, excessive commercial development, severe population displacement and concept transformation, and to supplement the analysis from the natural terrain and social factors such as management planning in two ways.Finally, it raised related countermeasures on the issues of the space morphological changes, including that paying attention to both heritage protection and tourism development, focusing on scientific planning and encouraging residents to participate in the management and operation of the ancient town, to speed up the tourism spatial structure adjustment of the lijiang ancient town and the surrounding tourist area, to enrich the tourism products of tourist area surrounding, improve tourist facilities and services, accelerating the conversion of the city functions of the ancient city and town area.