The Study Of Landscape Planning And Design Tactics In Modern Public Cemetery Of China

Before landscape designers being called "Landscape Architecture", many practitioners engaged in the design of the rural cemeteries. In a sense, cemetery can be described as one of the origins of landscape architecture. The designs of cemeteries have trained several generations of landscape architects. Cemetery is the last habitat, the back garden of life and the place of reflection for humanity. The cemetery is a special type of landscape which assemble grave and landscape. Creating garden cemetery landscape deserves attention.In recent years, Chinese cemetery construction experienced a rapid development. But there are many issues can not be ignored in the landscape planning and design of cemeteries. The rapid growth of urban aging population and rapidly spread expansion of cemetery land violently impact habitat site, resulting in the embarrassing competing for the living people and the dead. Cemetery covers a great area but a low utilization currently. In addition to some traditional festival such as Qingming, the usual flow of people is very small. As the consequence, this undoubtedly caused a huge waste of rare land resources.In order to solve these problems, this paper analyzes the current researches at home and abroad and conducts researches on Chinese traditional cemetery culture based on ideological and cultural foundations of our society. The main contents include the reflection and influence of Confucianism, Taoism and Buddhism in burial culture, probe of traditional feng shui thought, interpretation of traditional forms of burial, overview of the historical development and evolution of the cemetery. On this basis, the paper summarizes the characteristics of the funeral culture and death ethic. Then after comparing with spiritual content in the form of foreign cemetery and outlook on life and death, I sum up the best part of Chinese traditional cemetery culture from the roots. For example, the "Filial piety" in Confucianism, funerals in Buddhism, attitude of calm in the face of death and integration of man and nature in Taoist, the science component of feng shui thought, etc. They all become the theoretical support of modern cemetery design strategy summarized in this study. Then, I summarize the characteristics and design principles of modern cemeteries, list the main design elements of modern cemeteries, such as the cemeteries’location, functional division,landscape spatial planning, traffic planning, plant landscape construction and emotional planning to provide a reference for later cemetery designs.After that, the basic theory associated with the cemetery which including urban green space system, structure of memorial atmosphere, emotional expression, and culture exemplification were summarized and analyzed. They provide planning and design theory references for future designers. In addition, several domestic and international representative modern cemeteries were applied to provide case reference source for future cemetery designs. Based on all of the above analysis, we forecast the development trend of Chinese cemetery and summarize several applicable design strategies to our modern cemetery planning and design. I think we must change people’s traditional funeral ideas and disseminate new funeral culture, putting cemetery into urban green space system to have a overall planning, building a multilateral cooperation to improve the current situation of cemetery landscape, taking the essence of Western culture cemetery to build the cemetery with Chinese culture characteristics, pursuing diverse, three-dimensional and scenic burial way to build eco-garden cemetery. Finally, a practice of cemetery planning and design case which is in the form of drawings specifically express my cemetery design ideas in this article.The cemetery is likened to "negative city" in modern urban theory, which shows the city cemetery as a special public space is existed more for living persons. The landscape of contemporary public cemetery should help people build a better positive interpretation for life, cultivating people’s artistic sentiment, sentimenting the true meaning of life when people viewing the artistic pieces and tombstones in the garden cemetery.