Present Situation And Landscape Construction Of Academies In Zhejiang Province

Since academy was formed in the Tang Dynasty, it had become the most important educational institution in our country, playing a huge role in history. Zhejiang province is famous for the academy, it had more than 700 academies in its heyday, while there are only 30 academies existed now. With replacement of education forms, the traditional education is not the main function of the academy, but the academy sitll has the important value for the study of Chinese culture and ’Zhejiang Academic’. Moreover, for Zhejiang academy focusing on the relationship between architecture and landscape environment, and the combination between landscape and culture, it is the valuable research subject.This paper is based on summarizing the results of previous studies, systematically combing the development and retention of Zhejiang academy, and classifying the retained academies and choosing typical academies to analyzing the landscape construction practices, and make recommendations for the future development of Zhejiang academy. The main findings are as follows:(1) Analysis of historical interpretation of Zhejiang academy.Focusing on combing the construction of Zhejiang academy from the Tang Dynasty to the Qing Dynasty, finding the number of newly constructed academies is 5 in the Tang Dynasty,156 in the Song Dynasty,49 in the Yuan Dynasty,199 in the Ming Dynasty,395 in the Qing Dynasty. In addition, according to reliable information, the number of Zhejiang academies which location can be determined is 672, of which 172 in north of Zhejiang,265 in eastern of Zhejiang,123 in western of Zhejiang,112 in southern of Zhejiang. Combining the local economic and cultural levels, we can summarize the main factors affecting the development of the academy are natural endowment, political environment, economic conditions, educational background, academic thoughts and religious development.(2) Research on classification of contemporary Zhejiang academies.According to the literature data and site visits, study the contemporary retained Zhejiang academy and find out the retained academies are more than 30 blocks, of which 9 blocks in north of Zhejiang,8 blocks in eastern of Zhejiang,8 blocks in western of Zhejiang, and 6 blocks in southern of Zhejiang. Based on the present aituation of academies, we can categorize those academies into four modes, including large-scale resort type, small-scale attraction type, city-dependent type and countryside-scattered type.(3) Study the landscape of contemporary Zhejiang academy.In each mode, select two to three of the most representative academies to analyze, and choose the Wansong academy as a typical case to study. Collecting basic data by field survey, deeply research their cultural background, general layout, relationships between the architecture and the environment, and the creation of mood, summarizing the features of landscape construction of Zhejiang academy.(4) Summary on landscape design skills and geographical characteristics of Zhejiang academy.Based on the above research, we can summarize that landscape design of Zhejiang academy has 6 distinctive features. On this basis, comparing with Hunan, Sichuan, Guanzhong, southern Anhui these four areas, we can sum up that Zhejiang academy has the same characteristics as general Chinese academy, and been given Zhejiang geographical characteristics by architecture and plant species.(5) The opinions on development and protection of Zhejiang academy.Put forward that academy has values in history, culture and landscape. On this basis, presenting recommendations that academy of large-scale resort type should develop comprehensively, academy of small-scale attraction type should stress its landscape value, academy of city-dependent should highlight the educational value, and academy of countryside-scattered type should focus on protecting.