| Human excessive firewood collection, irrational cultivation, over-cultivation, deforestation, indiscriminate grazing all result in continuous deterioration of karst rocky desertification, so governments and scholars pay more and more attention on the rocky protection and governance."Three rural" is our country’s long-term and basic sexual problem, in addition, the poverty in rocky areas is high incidence, the area is large and its levels is deep, so it is of great necessity to analyses the livelihood patterns of the rocky areas combined with its spatial elements.This paper selects the Guangnan country in Yunnan province as the study area, which is the southeastern rocky area, sets the spatial analysis, livelihood evaluation and livelihood patterns of the settlement as the main line. First, analyze the spatial correlation of the elevation, slope, roads and river settlements of the study area, the main conclusions are:①The affection rank of natural factors on the extent of the spatial distribution of settlements in Guangnan is slope> river> road> elevation.②The elevation zone from1100m to1500m is most suitable for settlement site.③Settlements plaque number is normal relations with slope, but the settlement polygons area is proportional to the slope.④Due to the special nature of karst mountain areas, the number and area of the settlement polygons above5000m rise to varying degrees.Next, select settlement samples by field settlement sampling, and then build evaluation index system of settlement sustainable livelihood, using fuzzy sets analysis to calculate the IDC degree. The paper generates the upgrading evaluation value of the180settlement samples and classifies them to highly harmonious development, harmonious development, proximately harmonious, weak and unharmonious development. The paper establishes settlement livelihood modes indicators based on the actual situation of Guangnan and use fuzzy sets analysis.The main conclusions are:①the paper summarizes Guangnan livelihood patterns to nine classes, they are farming, predominantly agricultural multiple occupations.farming with forestry, farming with livestock, livestock, predominantly Animal husbandry multiple occupations, livestock with forestry, forestry with livestock, multiple occupations.②The paper gets livelihood pattern status corresponding180different samples distributed in different spatial.③The rank of settlement samples’livelihood pattern status is farming> multiple occupations> farming with forestry> livestock> farming with livestock> predominantly agricultural multiple occupations=predominantly Animal husbandry multiple occupations> livestock with forestry=forestry with livestock.Use AHP to analyze the optimal livelihood pattern about180settlement samples in Guangnan, the conclusion is:The rank of livelihood pattern suitable value is farming> multiple occupations> farming with forest> livestock>farming with livestock> predominantly Animal husbandry multiple occupations> predominantly agricultural multiple occupations> livestock with forest=forestry with livestock.Finally, the paper explore the optimal allocation and regulation about spatial analysis and settlement sample livelihood patterns.The conclusions are:①There are63.33%of samples livelihood pattern status match the optimal livelihood pattern, in which73.68percent of the samples are above the proximately harmonious.②The remaining36.27%of the livelihood pattern status do not match the optimal livelihood pattern, the living standard corresponded is almost weak and unharmonious development.③The73.68%of the samples whose livelihood pattern status match the optimal livelihood pattern are harmonious development. The conclusion supports that the method in this paper is successful and the data as well as the research is reliable.This paper provides a theoretical gist solving the question that unreasonable livelihood pattern may result in rocky. It also provides a reference method and scientific basis for livelihood evaluation and livelihood pattern in rocky areas. |
